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Introduction: With the increasing population of elderly people, the risk of diseases and health problems is also increases. One of the most suitable ways to reduce the elderlies' problems during this period is to adopt to a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle of the elderly people in Tehran. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study on 400 elderly people of Tehran was conducted through random stratified sampling in 2014. Data was collected by “Healthy Lifestyle Measure in the Iranians Elderly” which include 46 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was measured by eight experts and ten elderlies’ comments and reliability by, alpha Cranach. Data were analyzed by SPSS/19. Findings: The mean score of a healthy lifestyle in elderly people was 62.90 ±9.16 based on the scale provided in the intermediate level. Among those, 35 (8.8 %) have a desirable lifestyle, 342 patients (85.5 %) moderate lifestyle and 23 (5.8%) had undesirable lifestyle. The highest mean score of lifestyle-related care of yourself and the lowest was in the area of sport and physical activity. Conclusion: According to the level of moderate lifestyle of elderly people, the need for administrative and educational measures to enhance the lifestyle of the elderlies to the desired level is suggested.

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Abstract

Introduction: Most care needs of aged people, residing in nursing homes, are provided by formal caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of storytelling on the knowledge of formal caregivers about aging and their attitudes towards aged people and caring for them at the nursing homes in the city of Shiraz.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest and post-test and follow-up design, which was implemented in the nursing homes of Shiraz City. The sample size included 47 formal caregivers. Both the “Facts on Aging Quiz” and the “Cogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale” instruments were used in this study. Content validity ratio, content validity index and reliability of the instruments were confirmed. Five storytelling sessions were held for each group. During each session, according to the predetermined training program, one story or a myth with respect to the work experience with aged people was presented. This persuaded the care givers to share their related experiences, knowledge and memories with other participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

Results: The mean scores of attitude toward elderly were 108.23, 111.38 and 111.95 at pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages, respectively. The mean scores of knowledge of the facts of aging were 9.04, 9.87 and 10.46 at pre-test, post-test and follow-up, respectively. Storytelling increased knowledge and more positive attitude of caregivers toward aging (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Using storytelling improved care-givers’ formal knowledge and attitudes towards their aged and care. Designing training programs based on the method of storytelling and executing them in nursing homes is recommended.

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Introduction: One of the areas where women who suffer from contracting a spouse need help in their own health is to strengthen the ability of interpersonal forgiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of “Forgiveness Based Mindfulness Therapy” and “Emotionally Focused Therapy” on forgiveness of women who damaged by their husbands' infidelity.
Methods: The research method was semi-experimental and three groups of two stages (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of the study was women who damaged by husbands’ Infidelity Isfahan, among whom 45 were selected on purpose basis based on entry criteria and randomly assigned to two groups (15 subjects per group) and control group (n = 15).“Forgiveness Scale” (FS) was used to measure the variables of the research in the pretest and posttest phases. The group “Forgiveness Based Mindfulness Therapy “received 11 sessions and the “Emotionally Focused Therapy”received9 sessions of treatment and control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed with SPSS. 20.
Results: Forgiveness and its two components (lack of negative emotions and positive emotions) were significantly different between the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P<0.01).But there was no significant difference between the two groups, of treatments.
Conclusions: “Forgiveness Based Mindfulness Therapy" and “Emotionally Focused Therapy “are successful ways to promote forgiveness for women suffered by husbands’ infidelity. Therefore, it is recommended that these two treatments be used to increase forgiveness and eliminate psychological problems in this group of women.
 

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Introduction: Meaning in life by improving and affecting people's coping in the face of life crises, causes self-compassion and effective confrontation with stressors such as death anxiety. The present study aimed to formulate a structural model for predicting death anxiety based on meaning in life with the mediation of self-compassion in middle-aged employees of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch.
Methods: The research method was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research was made up 50 to 65-year-old employees of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch in 2023-2024, from whom 308 were selected in a non-random and convenience method. The research instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Templer Death Anxiety Scale", "Meaning in Life Questionnaire" and "Self-Compassion Scale". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.26 and AMOS.24.
Results: Meaning in life negatively and significantly predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees at the 0.01 level. Self-compassion negatively and significantly predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees at the 0.01 level. Meaning in life negatively and significantly predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees with the mediation of self-compassion at the 0.01 level.
Conclusions: Meaning in life predicts death anxiety in middle-aged employees through the mediation of self-compassion. Therefore, it is suggested that health counselors and psychologists reduce their death anxiety by holding meaning therapy and self-compassion courses for middle-aged employees.