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Introduction: Social sustainability is one of the most important factors in urban planning and management, and it requires a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of development and psychometrics of "Social Sustainability Scale in Urban Neighborhood" in Zanjan city.
Methods: The current research is a qualitative-quantitative methodology. At first, a wide review of the texts related to the research subject, including library documents and scientific articles from 2012 to 2021, was conducted and by analyzing them in the form of a data extraction form, "Social Sustainability Scale in Urban Neighborhood” was developed. Then, content validity ratio and content validity index of the scale were measured by asking the opinion of 15 experts in the field of social sciences and urban planning using purposive sampling method using snowball method. Construct validity was measured by exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity by distributing the developed scale among 480 residents of Zanjan city employees' neighborhood using convenience sampling method. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed in SPSS. 22 and Amos. 24.
Results: In the qualitative part, "Social Sustainability Scale in Urban Neighborhood" was developed with 35 items. In the quantitative part, content validity was confirmed by qualitative method. Content validity ratio and content validity index were measured, and 11 items were removed, and 24 items remained. Construct validity using exploratory factor analysis with 80 specialists in the mentioned fields conducted and showed the results of 4 subscales. Convergent validity was 0.50 and divergent validity was 0.71. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 4 subscales of security, participation, spatial belonging and spatial justice were obtained as 0.74, 0.76, 0.79 and 0.90 and for the scale was 0.88 respectively.
Conclusion: The "Social Sustainability Scale in Urban Neighborhood” with 24 items, 4 subscales, has a high validity and reliability. It is recommended to use the above scale to evaluate social sustainability in urban neighborhood.

 

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Introduction: The general sense that arises in a person after perception of the specific environment is called "sense of place", which is one of the important factors in urban planning and management. The present research was conducted with the aim of development and psychometrically measuring the employees’ "Sense of Place Scale in Urban Neighborhood" in Karmandan neighborhood of Zanjan city.
Methods: The current research is of a methodological type. At first, a wide review of the texts related to the research subject, including library documents and scientific articles from 2012 to 2021, was conducted and by analyzing them in the form of a data extraction form, “Sense of Place Scale on Urban Neighborhood” was developed. Then, the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the scale were done by asking the opinions of 15 experts in the fields of architecture and urban planning with the purposeful sampling method using the snowball method. Construct validity was measured by exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity by distributing the scale among 480 residents of Zanjan city employees' neighborhood using convenience sampling method. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed in SPSS. 22, Amos. 24 and PLS. 3 software.
Results: In the qualitative part, "Sense of Place Scale in Urban Neighborhood" was developed with 50 items. In the quantitative part, content validity ratio and content validity index were measured, and 18 terms were removed, and 32 items remained. Construct validity was conducted by exploratory factor analysis with 480 residents of Zanjan's employees' neighborhood and the results showed 3 subscales: Semantic (perceptual-emotional), spatial (form-physical) and social (functional-activity). Convergent validity was 0.52 and divergent validity was 0.78. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 3 semantic (perceptual-emotional), spatial (Form-physical) and social (functional-activity) subscales were 0.83, 0.87 and 0.87, and for the scale was 0.93 respectively.
Conclusions: "Sense of Place Scale in Urban Neighborhood" is valid and reliable with 32 statements and 3 subscales. It is suggested to use the designed scale in related research about sense of place on urban neighborhood.