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Introduction: From the past, nursing profession has encountered many challenges in its developmental process route. One of the update challenges is to recruit doctorates of nursing in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to describe Challenges and opportunities of doctorate of nursing in clinical settings.This is based on nursing lecturers and students (PhD) views. Methods and Materials:This is a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study that conducted with consent and participation of 10 nursing students (PhD) and nursing lecturers in Tehran nursing schools. Data gathering method was semi-structured written report with open ended questions. Colaizzi's method was used to data analysis. Lincoln and Guba criteria assessed to confirm data accuracy. Findings: Analyzing data led to 24 preliminary cods, 12 sub- categories and 5 categories. Emerging categories included managing and organizing clinical settings, gap between theory and practice in nursing doctoral program, doctorate of nursing practice education, promoting and optimizing quality of education and nursing clinical services. Conclusion: Results revealed that doctorates of nursing should be recruited in their specialty and higher levels of nursing and their positions should be designed and clarified in clinical settings prior their recruitment. In regard to advanced services and evidence-based nursing delivery, it is better to educate nurses as doctor of nurse practice or professional doctorate

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Abstract

 

Introduction: In recent studies related to organization, the concept of organizational citizenship behavior has attracted the attention of many researchers and managers. Job Involvement is also an important variable that helps to increase the effectiveness of organization. This study aimed to determine correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of staff at two educational and private hospitals.

 

Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational study that has taken place among 300 staffs that were selected randomly, in two public and private hospitals in Tehran. The Data gathering instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire that was consists of three parts: demographic information, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior" questionnaire, in five dimensions: conscience, altruism, virtue-orienting, magnanimity and courtesy and "Job Involvement" questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS/18.

 

Findings: Pearson test showed significant correlation (P<0.000) between citizenship behavior and job involvement of employees of two hospitals. Also in private hospital, there was a significant correlation between all dimensions of citizenship behavior and job involvement, except the item of courtesy. In public hospital, only between job involvement and altruism were not found significant correlations.

Conclusion: According to the results and importance of citizenship behavior in increasing Job involvement of hospitals staff, the most critical institution, it is suggested that managers try to improve organizations citizenship behavior by setting appropriate policies and strategies in their organization staff.

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Introduction: Improving the parent-child relationship through appropriate interventions has an effective role in reducing emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of "Parent Management Training" and "Group Schema Therapy" for Parents on academic motivation and oppositional defiant of their teenage children with conduct disorder.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study included all parents of adolescent girls and boys 13to 16 years old with conduct disorder in Ahvaz in the academic year 2020. Using the convenience sampling method, 60 of them were selected and one of their parents was randomly divided by random number table into two intervention groups and one the control group (20 people in each group). Demographic questionnaire, "Academic Motivation Scale" and "Oppositional Defiant Behavior Inventory" were used to collect data. The validity of the instruments was reported based on the content validity by qualitative method and the reliability by Kappa agreement coefficient method and internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The intervention groups (parents) underwent "Parental Management Training" (9 sessions of 60 minutes) and "Group Schema Therapy” (8 sessions of 90 minutes), but the control group did not receive any intervention. The questionnaires were completed by their teenage children in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. 22.
Results: Both “Parent Management Training" and "Group Schema Therapy" interventions in parents were effective in increasing academic motivation and reducing oppositional defiant in their teenage children with conduct disorder (P <0.01). Also, “Parent Management Training" has a greater effect on increasing the academic motivation of their teenage children with conduct disorder than "Group Schema Therapy" (P <0.01).
Conclusions: “Parent Management Training" and "Group Schema Therapy" to parents are effective interventions to increase academic motivation and reduce the oppositional defiant in adolescents with conduct disorder. To improve the academic performance of these adolescents, the implementation of the mentioned interventions on their parents is recommended. 
 

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Introduction: Marriage is one of the main relationships for most adults, which has many effects on physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to compare the physical and mental health of single and married students of Shahrekord University with respect to controlling the effect of personality traits in 2019-2020.
Methods: The present study was descriptive-comparative. The study was conducted with 400 students of Shahrekord University who were selected by convenience methods as Quota sampling. Data collection instruments included: demographic questionnaire, "36-Item Short-Form Health Survey" and "NEO Personality Inventory". The validity of the instruments was measured by face validity and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were collected in the classroom or in the dormitory. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. 22.
Results: Without controlling the effect of personality traits, a significant difference was observed in the mental health dimension between the two groups of single and married students (F=6.987, P=0.009), meaning that the average mental health of married students was higher than single students. But in terms of physical health, no significant difference was found between single and married students. When the effect of personality component scores as a covariate variable was controlled by analysis of covariance, the results showed that the average score of married people in mental health is still higher than single people, but the average physical health score of single people is higher than married people.
Conclusions: By controlling the effect of personality traits on physical and mental health, married people had more mental health than single people. Marriage counselors and psychologists, as well as Broadcasting, are encouraged to create a more positive view of marriage in their educational programs by emphasizing the benefits of marriage, especially in the field of mental health. 
 

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Introduction: Today, in addition to being used in physics, Quantum Theory is also used in leadership and management in organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the structural analysis of quantum leadership and manpower maintenance with a mediating role of organizational trust in health system.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population was all medical staff of West Azerbaijan University of Medical Sciences to 23,000 people. Using Cochran's formula, the statistical sample of this study was 384 people were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire, "Quantum Leadership Scale", "Manpower Maintenance Questionnaire" and "Organizational Trust Questionnaire". The validity of the instruments was assessed and confirmed using content validity and face validity by qualitative method and convergent validity, divergent validity. The reliability of the instruments was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability coefficients. Structural equation model and SPSS. 24 and LISREL 8 software were used to analyze the data
Results: There is a positive and significant correlation between quantum leadership and manpower retention in West Azerbaijan University of Medical Sciences (path coefficient 0.18). The correlation between quantum leadership and organizational trust is positive and significant (path coefficient 0.85). The correlation between organizational trust and manpower maintenance is positive and significant (path coefficient 0.81) and finally there is a positive and significant correlation between quantum leadership and manpower maintenance mediated by organizational trust (path coefficient 0.69). 
Conclusions: Organizational trust can increase the degree of solidarity of quantum leadership and manpower maintenance as a mediating role. It is suggested that the principles of quantum leadership be taught to university administrators and supervisors at all levels of management, in order to increase organizational trust and, consequently, manpower maintenance.