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Introduction: Nursing is a stressful occupation that its related tensions could affect individual spiritual health. Therefore, defense style against stress is very important for nurses. The aim of this study was comparative defense style used by nursing personnel in stressful situations, in Abadan College of Medical Sciences.  

 

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the Abadan College of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 100 nurses from Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals' that was selected by purposive Sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires include demographic data and "Defensive Styles Questionnaire - 40" that consist of three parts of mature defense style, neurotic and immature. Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.82 and data were analyzed using SPSS/18 software. Appropriate statistical analysis such as one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data.

 

Finding: The results showed that 67.3% of Taleghani Hospitals and 67.2% of Vali-e-asr hospitals’ Nurses used mature defense style as defense mechanism. The mean score for mature defense style was 11.55±2.4 which illustrates that most nurses used this type of defense style.

Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that most nurses' in front of occupational exposure to stress used appropriate and mature defense mechanisms but around one – third of them used inappropriate defense mechanism. Teaching defense style to nurses to cope with anxiety and stress is suggested for future study work. 

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Introduction: Addiction is considered as one of the main problems / diseases of the current century that has created global concern and solving this problem seems to be vital nowadays. The aim of present study is to determine the effect of physical activity on body mass index (BMI) and some physical fitness factors in addicted women.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 addicted women are selected by multistage random method from one of drug disposal centers in Tabriz. These participants were divided into two groups of physical activity and control group according to their age and height. Physical activity were hold in 24 sessions, three sessions per week and each session was 60 minutes. Pre-test was done before the start of training and post-test at the end of the last session that included measurement of BMI (weight/height2) fitness factors (vo2 max (Rockport test), muscular strength (Dynamometer), muscular endurance (Curl-Up and Modified Pull-Up), agility (4×9 run) and flexibility (Sit and Reach). The data has been analyzed by SPSS 21.

Results: To compared with the control group, in the physical activity group BMI (P ₌ 0.026) and fitness factors including of vo2 max (P ₌ 0.004), muscular strength (P₌ 0.048), muscular endurance (P ₌ 0.001), agility (P ₌ 0.019), and flexibility (P ₌ 0.006) had significant improvements (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions: Physical activity improves health related fitness factors in addicted women. Therefore, physical activity in addicted women’s centers to prompt physical health is suggested.

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Introduction: An increase of glucose and blood lipids in diabetic patients leads to worsening of late complications of diabetes. However the relationship between osteocalcin and PTH with glycemic, lipid and adiposity parameters especially following training in DM patients remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between serum osteocalcin and PTH concentrations with glycemic, lipid and adiposity parameters subsequent 10-weeks of aerobic training in women with type 2.

Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 postmenopausal women with DM (40-60 years) were selected and randomly assigned in to exercise (20) and control (20) groups. Exercise protocol was 10 weeks (3d/wk, 40 to 60 min/d with 45% to 60% HRR) of PAE (aerobics and walking activities). Blood samples were taken before and after the exercise to measure serum variables. Data is analyzed by SPSS.20

Results: At the base line, there was no significant correlation between osteocalcin (except blood glucose and WHR) and PTH with any of the variables. But after the exercise there was a significant correlation between osteocalcin with PBF, WC, WHR, HbA1c, blood glucose, insulin resistance index and between PTH with PBF and TC (P < 0.05). Moreover, the exercise resulted in a significant increase in osteocalcin and insignificant decrease in PTH.

Conclusions: This study shows that exercising (e.g. aerobics and walking) influences on osteocalcin, glycemic, lipid and adiposity parameters, which can be used to control type 2 diabetes. However, to reduce the PTH and prevent its adverse effects on diabetic patients, this type of training is not effective and requires further investigation. This training method can be recommended as a non-invasive treatment for controlling blood glucose, serum lipids and body composition in DM patients.

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Introduction: Efficiency and effectiveness of hospital beds are crucial aspects in hospitals. This study aims to compare the performance index of selected hospital with the national standards.
Methods: In this descriptive-comparative study, several performance indexes of selected hospital is compared with the available standard. The instrument to collect data is “Form No. 201 of New Health Information System” which the validity and reliability is confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data is collected through census method between “2013 – 2015” and is analyzed by SPSS.19.
Results: The finding show that indexes of ratio of beds to fixed (80%<) bed occupancy ratio (70%<), bed performance ratio (24%<), rate of who is death to those admitted (2%>), rate of admissions per bed (24%<), average length of stay (ALOS) (2 days>) and bed turnover interval (2 days>) are desirable.
Conclusions: The hospital performance indexes are desirable, but there is a need for promotion and improvements. Therefore, it is necessary that managers take the necessary proceedings to increase the efficiency, effectiveness and productivity of the hospital.

 

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Introduction: Additional zeros in some counting data are a common phenomenon that limit the use of the traditional poisson regression model for analysis. The aim of the present study was to use the zero-inflated poisson regression model for analyzing dental data in 12- and 13-year-old adolescents.
Methods: In this descriptive study, the dental data of 12- and 13-year-old students in Pakdasht and Pishva provinces of Varamin, who were randomly selected from a list of urban and rural schools, were selected. Overall, 764 samples were selected and their data for dental caries was evaluated. The DMFT index was used to evaluate the teeth condition of the students. At first, the consent of the participants was received for participation in the project. Given the fact that the response variable and zero accumulation were numbered in the number of drawn, filled, and rotten teeth, the index was modeled with a poisson regression model accumulated at zero. Data analysis was performed using the R software (3.2.2).
Results: Overall, 414 Students were females. Mean and standard deviation of DMFT was 1.02 ± 1.35. In total, 54% (389 students) had dental caries. For the intervention variable (such as: preventive treatment or routine treatment, rapid treatment including scaling, immediate pain treatment, or tooth infection) (P = 0.04), dental health variable (P = 0.003), variable of pain (P = 0.049), brushing variable (P = 0.111), and dental floss (P = 0.040) had a significant relationship with the DMFT index.
Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries in 6- and 12-year-old students in the city of Varamin was greater than the World Health Organization standards. For modeling DMFT students, the poisson regression accumulated at zero was the most appropriate model. Therefore, in order to improve the existing situation, proper planning and education of families about oral health are suggested.

 

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Introduction: The development of health systems leads to the improvement of functions, productivity, efficiency, effectiveness and access to health services in communities, and underdevelopment will lead to weakness in the functions of health systems. The aim of this study was to develop The Model of Health System Development in Iran with Grounded Theory Approach.
Methods: The present qualitative research was conducted by the method of Grounded Theory. The research community included senior managers of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, lecturers from medical universities, and prominent consultants in the field of health management. The number of samples using the theoretical saturation principle was 11 peoples, which were selected by snowball method using purposive sampling method. Data collection was performed through unstructured interviews. To assess the validity of the four criteria, including credibility, generalizability, reliability and verifiability. To assess the reliability of the interviews, the reliability method of retesting and the method of intra-subject agreement were used. Data analysis was performed by open, axial and selective triple coding method.
Results: 6 selective codes were identified under the title of components (causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, central phenomena, strategies and consequences) and 14 central codes and 40 open codes.
Conclusions: The causal conditions component includes 4 central codes, the contextual conditions component includes 2 central codes, the intervening conditions component includes 2 central codes, the central phenomenon component includes 1central codes, the strategies component includes 2 central codes and the consequences component includes 3central codes. The managers of the health system are suggested to formulate a strategic and coherent plan for development, including the formulation of goals and strategies in line with the four-year national development plans of the country.