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Introduction: Today,conflictisaninevitablepart ofhumancommunicationinthehealthstructures. One of themost importantskillsthatarecharacteristicabilityinconflict resolutionishavingemotional intelligence.Present research is an attempted to determine the effect of emotional intelligence training on conflict in nurses. Methods and Materials:The study was conducted using semi experimental applied design with control/trail group. Study sample included 56 nurses based on inclusion criteria sampling and in the next step balanced block randomization sampling was used for assigning 2 groups of: control group (n=29), and Trial group (n=27). The researchers used 3 questionnaires including: Socio-demographic,Duberin Job Conflict Questioner and Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questioner to gather data. Content and face validity of the questioners were measured by experts’ nurses. The reliability (Cronbach's alpha) coefficients for these scales were: job conflict (85%) and emotional intelligence (95%) confirmed. At the beginning, of this study all participants completed the questionnaires as pretest, then EI skills in 6 hours presented only for trail group, one weeks (each week they got 2 education package) after intervention, all subjects (in 2 groups) again completed questionnaires. The statistical software used was SPSS (v.11.5) for windows. Also paired T, Chi-square and Hapker tested were used. Findings: Findings showed that there were no significant differences between the test and control group in terms of demographic characteristics except of marriage. Findings indicated that there are no significant differences between trail and control group in total and subscales EI score. However, finding indicated that there was a significant differences between before and after findings in trail group total and subscales EI score (p=0.049), and in job conflict(p=0.0001) and conflict score (p=0.000). Conclusions: According to our findings in the present research, emotional intelligence education has been highly effective on the job conflict in nurses. Key

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Introduction: Self-efficacy of nurses whom deal with unexpected events is valuable. One of the indexes that have close relationship with performance of nurses in real situation is feeling of self-efficacy. This study aimed to determine the correlation of self- efficacy of nurses to deal with unexpected events with the demographic characteristics of the nurses’ city of Kerman. Methods and Materials:In this study, 484 nurses whom are working in public and private hospitals in Kerman participated in the census. The instruments for data collection were Nurses Self-efficacy to deal with Emergencies Questionnaire that was made based on Bandura Social Cognitive Theory by researchers. This questionnaire has 47 items. The validity (content validity index) was 0.92 and internal consistency of this questionnaire was 0.82. Statistical analysis was done using inferential methods of ANOVA with SPSS (v.13). Findings: The results of this study showed that the nurses have an average self-efficiency in confrontation with unexpected events. Factors such as age, work experience, and the increase in education and experience in previous disasters had a significant correlation with average score self-efficacy (p<0.05). Conclusion: To deal with possible unexpected events in the future is needed to increase ability of nurses. This study can determine issues and topics to increase nurses’ self- efficacy.

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Introduction: Development and application of nursing knowledge is necessary to provide a safe and high quality of patient care. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge sources used in nursing practice. Methods and Materials:In this descriptive study, 100 nurses from different wards of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services educational hospitals were selected and completed a 2- parts knowledge sources questionnaire including demographic (6 questions) and knowledge sources questions (16 questions). Content validity and test– retest (0.8) methods were used for measuring validity and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were used for analysis of data by SPSS (v.14) software. Findings: The results showed that most important knowledge sources used in nursing practice were personal experience of nursing patients/clients (39%), what has worked for years and information that learned in nursing school (35%). The least important knowledge source used in nursing practice was articles published in nursing journals (2%). Conclusion: Due to increase of knowledge and research in nursing, use of new knowledge, in nursing practice is necessary. This will reduce gap between theory and practice and also improve quality of patient care

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Introduction: The issue of patient safety is today of much importance for the medical community and the World Health Organization in the developing and developed countries. Medical errors are serious threats to the public health and patient safety. The aim of this study was to determine nursing staff’s viewpoints about patient safety climate in medical centers of Kashan. Methods and Materials:In this descriptive study 218 nurses working in the medical centers of Kashan were participated. Data were collected by questionnaire included two parts, demographic and ‘Safety Climate QuestionnairePatient’ with seven dimensions that covered by the questionnaire were: educational opportunities, reporting, refreshment, head nurses’ viewpoints, nursing condition, relation with physician, and nurses’ inter-relations. Content validity method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.89) were used for confirming validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. Data were evaluated using the SPSS (v.11). Findings:The results showed that mean age of the nurses participated in the study was 32.63±6.85 years, of them 85.8% were female. The mean of patient safety climate score in all seven aspects were significantly different. Except for the refreshment aspect, other aspects had different mean scores in different centers (p=0.001). Highest and lowest mean scores were related to the nurses’ inter-relations (3.24±0.67) and head nurses’ attitudes (2.47±0.71), respectively. Conclusion: Patient safety climate in the centers under the current study was not in a good condition. This does motivate the managers of the health sector in the city to adopt an appropriate approach to patient safety climate in health care centers

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Abstract

 

Introduction: Integration of safety science with patients' daily cares decreases events and injuries. Nurses whom are doing patients care, promised patients safety protection. This study aimed to determine managers and nurses function of safe patients' care from the nurses prospective.

 

Materials and methods: This descriptive study was carried out with purposive sampling method on 202 nurses working in Uremia Medical University hospitals. Data were gathered using ‘Safe Practice for Better Healthcare’ questionnaire with 15 questions about managers’ function. In addition, 25 questions were about nurses’ function of safe patients' care. Validity of the questionnaire was measured by content validity and reliability was determined by test-retest (r=0/85). Regarding data analysis, SPSS software, descriptive statistical testes, Chi-square test and Pearson correlate coefficient were used.

 

Findings: Findings of study showed that most of the nurses (91.6%, 56.9%) believed theirs function of safe patients' care is good and managers' function is moderate. Results showed that between managers' function and nurses' function of safe patients' care, there is statistically a significant relationship (p=0.000).

 

Conclusion: Regarding to bilateral effect of managers and nurses on the safe care of patients, attention and emphasis on formal and informal communication in health-related organizations can improve patients’ safety.

 

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Introduction:

 

The mission of professional nursing is that guarantee health promotion and recovery of patients.Several changes have occurred in the health care system and professional standards and nurses, as professionals,should pay attention to the changes and identify factors affecting their professional roles. The aim of this study was toclarify the nurse's viewpoint on factors affecting the professional roles.

 

Material and methods:

 

In this qualitative research, 7 nurses in various hospitals of Tehran were selected by purposeful sampling and sampling continued until data saturation.Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. All interviews were recorded and hand written and using the constant comparative method and content analysis were analyzed. Ability to verify data,hand-written overview of the method was used with participants and partners.

 

Findings:

 

Data analysis showed that six components cultural characteristics - beliefs of patients and his family, nurses' job security, management and leadership, gap between the theories -practice, motivational factors of work environment and nurses' personal beliefs were introduced as factors affecting the nurses' professional role.

 

Conclusion:

 

The results of this study showed that some factors affecting the nurses’ professional roles that may be facilitated or inhibited the professional roles performance, and this requires a detailedunderstanding of the factors facilitating and hindering the nurse's professional role and planning to achieve health promotion goal.

 

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Introduction: Incivility behavior and violence have long-term complication on individual performance. These behaviors cause complex issues at workplace in the nursing profession and lead to embarrassment and threats of nurses and patients health and endanger the climate. The aim of this study was to determine workplace behaviors and its correlation with demographic characteristics, perspective of nurses in teaching hospitals in Gorgan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive - correlational study, 232 nurses who employed at two hospitals in Gorgan were participated. Data collected by "Nursing Incivility Scale", "(NIS)". Validity of this scale was approved with face validity and reliability through test–retest (Cronbach's alpha=0.86). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression models with SPSS/16. Findings: The total score of incivility from the perspective of nurses was 3.89 of 5.00 likert. The most incivility behavior score was reported with physician interacting and the lowest was observed in the interaction of nurses with a supervisor. There was a significant correlation between age and type of employment with incivility behaviors ((P=0.04) and (P=0.02) respectively. Similarly, the correlation between working in type of hospital ward and incivility behaviors was significant (P=0.02). The highest score of incivility behavior reported in the emergency ward was 4.43 from 5 and the lowest in genecology ward was 2.71 from 5. Conclusion: Incivility behaviors among nurses can affect the quality of services provided by them. Therefore, considering factors that lead to incivility in nursing workplace is necessary.

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Abstract:

 

Introduction: Self-efficacy is the belief in ability to perform an action. Experiences dominate the most powerful source of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is effective on behavioral choices, effort, and persistence and track targets and determines how to deal with obstacles and challenges. How people make decisions when faced conflict can be either constructive or destructive. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between self-efficacy and nurses’ conflict management strategies in National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital of Tehran

 

Materials and Methods:This is a descriptive-correlation study. The sample involved of 91 nurses which have been selected through random sampling. In this study demographic questionnaire, "Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale" (GSE-10) and "Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument" (OCCI form B) were used to collect data. SPSS/18,  were also used to analyze the data.

 

Findings: Based on results, the mean score of nurses’ Self-Efficacy was 29.82 and the mean score of Conflict Management Strategies including Solution Oriented Strategy, Non-Confrontational Strategy and Control Strategy were 4.85, 3.88 and 3.39 respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed that there was a positive correlation between Self-Efficacy and Solution Oriented Strategy (P=0.04). However, there was no significant correlation between Self-Efficacy and Non-Confrontational Strategy or Control Strategy (P>0.05).

 

Conclusion: Findings showed that self-efficacy has a positive correlation with Solution Oriented Strategy. Implementation of workshop in regard to self-efficacy and dealing with conflict, for nurses is suggested.

 

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Introduction: The key to successful management of large number of victims with limited resources is triage, which without preparedness of nurses seem to be impossible. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simulated training course on preparedness of nurses to do pre-hospital triage at Razi psychiatric hospital.

 

Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study on 60 nurses in Razi psychiatric hospital who according to the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups equally by 30. The study tools developed by the researcher included “Knowledge of Disaster Triage Test” that contains 30 questions of four-choice. The “Accuracy of Disaster Triage Test” also contains 30 questions with four-choice. Face validity and content validity has been evaluated. Reliability were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha for the “Knowledge of Disaster Triage Test” 0.75 and for the “Accuracy of Disaster Triage Test” 0.78. A day workshop “Disaster Triage Simulation Method” was arranged for intervention group and two groups were assessed by study tools before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS/16.

 

Findings: The mean score of nurses preparedness regarding triage training (Knowledge and accuracy) in the intervention group were significantly different before and after the intervention (p<0.001). The mean difference of nurses preparedness triage training (Knowledge and accuracy) there were significantly different between the two groups respectfully (p<0.001).

 

Conclusion: The results of the study showed, using the simulation method on triage training improved the nurses preparedness to do disaster triage. Therefore it is recommended to do this training program for nurses’ to improve their preparedness for disaster triage.

 

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Introduction: Nursing is a stressful occupation that its related tensions could affect individual spiritual health. Therefore, defense style against stress is very important for nurses. The aim of this study was comparative defense style used by nursing personnel in stressful situations, in Abadan College of Medical Sciences.  

 

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the Abadan College of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 100 nurses from Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals' that was selected by purposive Sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires include demographic data and "Defensive Styles Questionnaire - 40" that consist of three parts of mature defense style, neurotic and immature. Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.82 and data were analyzed using SPSS/18 software. Appropriate statistical analysis such as one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data.

 

Finding: The results showed that 67.3% of Taleghani Hospitals and 67.2% of Vali-e-asr hospitals’ Nurses used mature defense style as defense mechanism. The mean score for mature defense style was 11.55±2.4 which illustrates that most nurses used this type of defense style.

Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that most nurses' in front of occupational exposure to stress used appropriate and mature defense mechanisms but around one – third of them used inappropriate defense mechanism. Teaching defense style to nurses to cope with anxiety and stress is suggested for future study work. 

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Introduction: Leadership style can effect on nurses’ retention, job stress, job satisfaction and quality of work life. However, studies have shown different findings. This study aimed to determine the correlation of head nurses’ leadership style from nurses’ perspective and nurses’ job stress. Materials and Method: This method of this study was descriptive-correlational. In this study, 120 nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences by random sampling were selected. For data collection the “Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire”, and “Health and Safety Executive Questionnaire” were used. Later face and content validity and internal reliability were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS/20. Findings: Dominant head nurses’ leadership style from 52% nurses’ perspective was transactional leadership style and job stress of 73% nurses was low. The results showed that nurses’ job stress in transformational and transactional leadership style from nurses’ perspective was low. Transformational leadership style with job stress (r=-0.35, P<0.001) and transactional leadership style with job stress had a significant negative correlation (r=-0.32, P<0.001). Conclusion: Concerning the negative relationship between transactional and transformational leadership style with job stress, appropriate leadership styles of nurse managers could result in reduction of stress. It is recommended that nurse managers use transformational and transactional leadership styles. Managers also need to reduce stress-causing situations.

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Abstract Introduction: Life styles and health-promotion behaviours has been linked to quantity and quality of care. Nurses have a crucial role in promoting public and general health. This study aimed to determine the health-promoting behaviours in employed nurses in selected military hospitals. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive study. We used randomised cluster sampling method in order to select 400 nurses in CCU, ICU, surgery room, and emergency and surgical units in selected military hospitals. The Persian language version of “International Questionnaire of Health- Promoting Behaviours” (HPLP-II) questionnaire was used in this study. Data was analyzed by SPSS/22 software. Findings: The highest percentage of chronic disease (19.5%) was in musculoskeletal disorders, included backache and leg pain. Average score of health-promoting behaviours was 133.79±18.55. The highest mean score was obtained in spiritual growth (32.36±6.29) and the least average score was for physical activity (13.84±4.53). Conclusions: The health- promoting behaviours level of the participants were observed at an acceptable level, however they had low level of physical activities. With regard to findings, applying health education programs with an emphasis on physical activity among the nurses could improve their health condition.

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Introduction: The nursing profession is mainly based on the quality of care. Different approaches to provide nursing care in nursing management can affect the quality of service. This study aimed to compare the effect of “Primary Nursing” and “Case Method” on patients' quality of physical care.
Methods: This study is quasi-experimental study that was performed in two Critical Care Units (CCU) of the Ghaem Hospital and two CCU of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad. 59 patients (33 patients in the “Primary Nursing” group and 26 patients in the “Case Method” group) were studied. Data was collected using “Quality of Patient Care” (QUALPAC). The content and face validity was confirmed by 10 members of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery in Mashhad University. Furthermore, the reliability was achieved by Cronbach's alpha. In this study, both “Primary Nursing” and “Case Method” approaches were implemented in CCU and their impacts on patients’ quality of care was evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS/16.
Results: The mean of patient quality of physical care in “Primary Nursing” group (5.2 ± 44.4) was significantly higher than the one in the “Case Method” (6.5 ± 29.8) (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The patient quality of physical care in the division of labor "Primary Nursing" is higher than "Case Method". Therefore, the "Primary Nursing" is recommended.

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Introduction: Knowledge management is an important concept and it clarifies how individual and organizational understandings convert to knowledge. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between organizational creativity and knowledge management of nurses at hospitals in Borujerd city in Iran.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study consists of all nurses working at Borujerd hospitals. 175 nurses based on inclusion criteria and convenience sampling method was participated. To collect data three questionnaires include demographic, “Rand-sip’s Creativity Questionnaire” and “Hemmati Knowledge Management Questionnaires” were used. In this study, reliability was calculated for two questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha method. Data was analyzed using SPSS/19.
Results: Average score of organizational creativity and knowledge management among nurses were 50.92±13 and 52.65±3.32 respectively. Results show, a significant positive correlation between organizational creativity and knowledge management of nurses (P < 0.001, r = 0.672). Among the sub-scales of knowledge management, the knowledge sharing and application of knowledge had a significant relation to organizational creativity. (P = 0.025, r = 0.113).

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Introduction: Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issue in the field of medical ethics. Nurses in ICU are faced with challenges of separating terminally ill and brain death patients from devices. The aim of this study is to explore the perception of ICU nurses regarding euthanasia.

Methods: This is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach that conducted on 30 nurses who was working in ICUs of one of Urmia hospitals. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected using 5 focus groups interview. Data analyzed using Graneheim & Lundman method. Accuracy of the data were stabilized with the four criteria of credibility, confidentiality, conformability and transferability.

Results: Three main themes and seven subthems were extracted. The main themes were: the understanding of euthanasia, positive attitudes towards euthanasia, and negative attitudes toward euthanasia.

Conclusions: Most nurses do not have accurate knowledge regarding euthanasia and have different and sometimes contradictory perceptions regarding euthanasia. Lack of legislation and related regulations caused more confusion. Therefore, training courses and legal clarification is needed on this issue.

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Introduction: Nurses dedicate a lot of time to their job and patients’ care. In this respect, workaholism can create negative psychological and physical problems. The aim of the present study is to determine the correlation of workaholism with job stress and job burnout in nurses.

Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational research in which 350 nurses that work in the teaching hospitals of the city of Zahedan are selected based on stratified-random sampling in 2015. The data is collected using “Workaholism Questionnaire”, “Job Stressors Questionnaire”, and “Maslach Burnout Inventory”. Validity and reliability are confirmed in previous studies. The data is analyzed by SPSS.17.

Results: There is a significant and positive correlation between workaholism with work stress (r = 0.715, P < 0.001) and job burnout (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) in nurses. Moreover, the simultaneous regression analysis indicate that the components of workaholism could predict both work-related stress and professional burnout in nurses (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study indicate that there is a positive and direct correlation of workaholism, work-related stress, and professional burnout in nurses. In order to familiarize nurses with the phenomena of workaholism, work-related stress, and job burnout and to control them, it is recommended to offer training courses.

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Introduction: Because of their ongoing contact with patients, nurses have an important role in maintaining and improving standards of patient safety, in which nurses’ workplace condition may have impact on the incidence of nosocomial infections and may endanger patient safety. Aim: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nurses' workplace environment and nosocomial infection.

Methods: This descriptive - correlational study was done on 300 nurses working in teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Subjects were selected through stratified sampling method. Data related to nurses' workplace environment were collected by Nurses Work Environment Index (NWI). Its validity and reliability was determined by content validity and Cronbach's alpha (0/89), respectively. Data related to nosocomial infection were extracted from INIS software. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (Pearson’s correlation test) by SPSS (ver.16) software.

Results: The result showed that the mean incidence of nosocomial infections in the selected hospital was 3.47%, and urinary tract infection (UTI) was the most common infection in these hospitals (39.7%). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative relationship between each domain of nurses' work environment and the incidence of nosocomial infection (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It was found that there was a negative correlation between nurses' work environment and nosocomial infection. Therefore, one of the important strategies for decreasing of nosocomial infection and promotion of patients’ safety is the improvement of the work condition of health care professionals, especially nurses’ work environment.

 
 

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Introduction: Nursing occupation is considered as a major source of stress which leads to anxiety, depression and procrastination. In this regard, the hospital environment is one of the factors that influence the tension. The present study aims to compare the anxiety, depression and procrastination among nurses of general and psychiatric hospitals of Shiraz city.
Methods: The research method is descriptive-comparative approach. The population consists of all nurses of the psychiatric and general hospitals in Shiraz city. The research sample consisted of 126 nurses (63 from psychiatric hospitals and 63 from general hospitals) who are selected using accessible sampling method. Data collection instruments consisted of “General Health Questionnaires” and “Tuckman Procrastination Scale” (TPS) that their validity and reliability are determined in previous study. Data is analyzed by SPSS.19.
Results: There is no significant difference in depression and anxiety between general and psychiatric hospitals’ nurses (P = 0.418), however, the value of procrastination in general hospitals’ nurses is significantly higher than the one of psychiatric hospitals’ nurses (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Both groups of nurses have equal anxiety and depression. Therefore, training course in this regard, to increase quality of care is recommended.

 

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Introduction: There are different factors that could be effective on nurses' turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between organizational culture and nurses' turnover intention at educational and therapeutic centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational research, which was done on 319 nurses using stratified proportional random sampling. The research instruments were a Demographic Questionnaire, “Denison Organizational Culture Questionnaire” and Cammann et al.’s “Turnover Intention Questionnaire”, the validity and reliability of which was measured by the content validity method and Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by the Stata SE 11 software.
Results: The involvement component with Mean and SD (3.08 ± 0.55) was at a desirable level and other components were at a undesirable level. Nurses’ turnover intention with a Mean and SD of 8.76 ± 3.18 was at a low level and near the average. There was a reverse, medium, and significant correlation between organizational culture and nurses’ turnover intention (r = -0.362, P < 0.01). Organizational culture components, such as mission and involvement, predicted 13% of variance in nurses’ turnover intention.
Conclusions: Organizational culture was influential on the nurses’ turnover intention in educational and therapeutic centers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Improving organizational culture by reducing nurses’ turnover intention enhanced quality of services and led to organizational goals attainment. Therefore, it is suggested for managers to take necessary measures in order to promote organizational culture of educational and therapeutic centers.

 

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Introduction: By increasing the shift and its effects on health, identifying factors that can contribute to reducing shifting problems is essential. The purpose of the present study is to determine the correlation between sport activity, nutritional patterns and drug abuse with the health consequences of shifting in nurses.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population consisted of all nurses (455 people) employed in educational hospitals in Bojnourd. In this study, 228 subjects were selected using randomized stratified sampling method. A “Survey of Shift Workers Questionnaire” and “Life Style Questionnaires” were used to collect data. Reliability and validity of these questionnaires have been measured in previous studies. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.
Results: Correlation coefficient between sport activity and shifting health outcomes (r = -0.463, P < 0.0001) and correlation coefficient between nutritional patterns and shifting health outcomes (r = -0.183, (P < 0.005) were negative and significant. Also, the correlation coefficient between drug abuse and shifting health outcomes was positive and not significant. (r = 0.116, P = 0.80). Regression analysis showed that only sport activity can predict the shifting health outcomes in nurses (R² = 0.214, P < 0.0001).
Conclusions: Sport activity and nutrition patterns have a negative and significant correlation with shifting health outcomes in nurses. Furthermore, the role of predictive shifting health outcomes effects was also confirmed by sport activity. Therefore, it is recommended to provide conditions for conducting sport activity courses in order to reduce the nurses' shifting health outcomes.