---

Introduction: Development and application of nursing knowledge is necessary to provide a safe and high quality of patient care. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge sources used in nursing practice. Methods and Materials:In this descriptive study, 100 nurses from different wards of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services educational hospitals were selected and completed a 2- parts knowledge sources questionnaire including demographic (6 questions) and knowledge sources questions (16 questions). Content validity and test– retest (0.8) methods were used for measuring validity and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were used for analysis of data by SPSS (v.14) software. Findings: The results showed that most important knowledge sources used in nursing practice were personal experience of nursing patients/clients (39%), what has worked for years and information that learned in nursing school (35%). The least important knowledge source used in nursing practice was articles published in nursing journals (2%). Conclusion: Due to increase of knowledge and research in nursing, use of new knowledge, in nursing practice is necessary. This will reduce gap between theory and practice and also improve quality of patient care

---

 

Introduction: Treatment of diseases is largely depended on the interaction between doctor and patient, and the result of cooperation with clinicians is rapid and successful treatment. Moreover, the relationship is one of the critical factors of the patients` satisfaction, especially next reference of patients. This study is aimed to determine the correlation between knowledge and satisfaction of patients from patient- physician relationship at the hospital affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.

 

Materials and Methods: This study has been done in descriptive-correlational method on 309 people who referred to 11 teaching hospitals and medical which covered by Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data was gathered through three questionnaires of "Knowledge of Physician-Patient Relationship", "Satisfaction of Physician-Patient Relationship" and "Physician-Patient Relationship". Validity of the questionnaires was approved by 3 experts and the reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha (α=0.87, α=0.87, α=0.79). Data analysis was performed by SPSS/16 and using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA.

 

Findings: The mean score of knowledge and satisfaction of patients from physician-patient relationship was respectively, 2.09 ± 10.5 and 6.58 ± 34.08. Also, the average scores of correlation between physician and patient were 6.04 ± 35.86, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between satisfaction levels of physician - patient relationship (P<0.01). On the other hand, there wasn`t a significant correlation between knowledge of physician- patient relationship and physician- patient relationship.

 

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that patient’ knowledge and satisfaction of physician–patients` relationship in Tabriz hospitals were high. It is recommended that a system to be designed to assess the relationship between physician and patient correctly until it give important information.

 

---

Introduction: Promotion of management index in health system is so important. Organizational silence and knowledge management can enhance the performance of the hospitals. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between organizational silence and knowledge management in Firoozgar Hospital Tehran. Materials & Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlation which was conducted in Firoozgar hospital. This study was conducted on 169 nursing, administrative and financial staffs of Firoozgar hospital who were selected by stratified sampling. The data were collected by questionnaire of “Dimitris Buratas Maria Vakula” for organizational silence and questionnaire of “Josef Haddad” for knowledge management. Content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by distribution between 5 employees. The reliability by Cronbach's alpha method were approved for silence organization with 0.83 and knowledge management with 0.92. Data were analyzed by SPSS/17. Findings: There was a significant and positive correlation between organizational silence and four components of knowledge management in Firoozgar hospital of Tehran (P<0.001). In addition, the results showed the mean score of 22.11 for knowledge, 22.49 for knowledge creation, 16.57 for deployment of knowledge and 14.55 for knowledge sharing. As for organizational silence and knowledge management, mean scores of 27.24 and 75.72 were recorded respectively. Conclusion: Due to a positive correlation between organizational silence and knowledge management in Firoozgar Hospital, educational courses for employees to develop their decision-making skills to resolve organization problems is suggested.

---

Introduction: Knowledge management is a way of improving conditions for the survival of the organization. Successful implemented system in organizations has appropriate cultural context. The aim of this research was to compare the correlation between knowledge management and organizational culture at public and private hospitals of Shiraz City Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive- correlational study. A sample of 251 person from public and private hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected based on availability of samples. Data collection instrument was a questionnaire that consists of three sections of "demographic information", “Knowledge Management Questionnaire” and “Organizational Culture Questionnaire”. The judgment of 7 experts confirmed the content validity of the questionnaires. In addition, Cronbach's alpha and test-retest for both questionnaires were measured. Data were analyzed with SPSS/16. Findings: The highest scores in, knowledge management dimensions of public hospitals were knowledge transition, knowledge creation and knowledge saving and in private hospitals knowledge saving, knowledge transition and knowledge creation, respectively. Organizational culture of public hospitals, organizational dependency, Conslict tolerance, personal creativity, and management support and leadership style. In private hospitals, organizational dependency, personal creativity, Conslict tolerance, leadership style and management support received the highest rating in order. There was a significant correlation between knowledge management and organizational culture in the public hospitals 0.655 and in private hospitals 0.786. Conclusion: The knowledge management and organizational culture in the hospitals were on acceptable level. It is recommended that knowledge management and organizational culture to be considered in regard to personal creativity development and management style.

---

Introduction: Nurses’ knowledge and attitude to workplace violence could determine their performance to control violence. The aim of present study was to determine nurses’ knowledge, attitude and performance toward workplace violence in selected hospitals in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences during 2014-2015. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 242 nurses in selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were participated by multistage random sampling method. In order to collect data, a researcher "Nurse's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Workplace Violence Questionnaire” was used. The validity of questionnaire was assessed in the form of quantitative through content validity using the opinions of 10 professors and faculty members of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Reliability of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's Alpha, Kuder-Richardson and Test-Retest. To analyze the data, SPSS/21 was used. Findings: The mean score of knowledge and attitude of nurses was 52.25 and 37.77. In total, 97.9 percent of them had high knowledge of workplace violence and the attitude toward workplace violence was negative for all of the nurses. Reactions such as notifying the security with weighted average of 4.56, inviting the offender to calmness and to pretend that this never happened with weighted average of 3.99 were reported by nurses. There was statistically significant difference in the mean of attitude of nurse in different ward (P=0.001) (P≤ 0.05).

---

Introduction: Knowledge management is an important concept and it clarifies how individual and organizational understandings convert to knowledge. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between organizational creativity and knowledge management of nurses at hospitals in Borujerd city in Iran.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational study consists of all nurses working at Borujerd hospitals. 175 nurses based on inclusion criteria and convenience sampling method was participated. To collect data three questionnaires include demographic, “Rand-sip’s Creativity Questionnaire” and “Hemmati Knowledge Management Questionnaires” were used. In this study, reliability was calculated for two questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha method. Data was analyzed using SPSS/19.
Results: Average score of organizational creativity and knowledge management among nurses were 50.92±13 and 52.65±3.32 respectively. Results show, a significant positive correlation between organizational creativity and knowledge management of nurses (P < 0.001, r = 0.672). Among the sub-scales of knowledge management, the knowledge sharing and application of knowledge had a significant relation to organizational creativity. (P = 0.025, r = 0.113).

---

Abstract

Introduction: Most care needs of aged people, residing in nursing homes, are provided by formal caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of storytelling on the knowledge of formal caregivers about aging and their attitudes towards aged people and caring for them at the nursing homes in the city of Shiraz.

Methods: This was a semi-experimental study with pretest and post-test and follow-up design, which was implemented in the nursing homes of Shiraz City. The sample size included 47 formal caregivers. Both the “Facts on Aging Quiz” and the “Cogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale” instruments were used in this study. Content validity ratio, content validity index and reliability of the instruments were confirmed. Five storytelling sessions were held for each group. During each session, according to the predetermined training program, one story or a myth with respect to the work experience with aged people was presented. This persuaded the care givers to share their related experiences, knowledge and memories with other participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

Results: The mean scores of attitude toward elderly were 108.23, 111.38 and 111.95 at pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages, respectively. The mean scores of knowledge of the facts of aging were 9.04, 9.87 and 10.46 at pre-test, post-test and follow-up, respectively. Storytelling increased knowledge and more positive attitude of caregivers toward aging (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Using storytelling improved care-givers’ formal knowledge and attitudes towards their aged and care. Designing training programs based on the method of storytelling and executing them in nursing homes is recommended.

---

Introduction: Any organization needs a human assessment to improve its performance and accountability to its audience. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between self-assessment and knowledge management in staff of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences staffed 1064 people. The population of the present study was selected by using Cochran's formula of 282 people by simple random sampling. Out of 282 distributed questionnaires, 256 questionnaires were completed. To collect data the “Organizational Excellence Model Criteria Questionnaire” (EFQM) and "Hemmati Knowledge Management Questionnaire” were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach's alpha, 0.93 and 0.92. Data were analyzed using SPSS.24.
Results: The highest correlation was found between the dimensions of self-assessment and knowledge management regarding community outcomes (r = 0.86) and also the highest correlation between knowledge management dimensions and self-assessment of knowledge society (r = 0.73) (P < 0.05)
Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between self-assessment dimensions and knowledge management. It is suggested that the strengths and weaknesses of the organization in this field should be identified for the organization's excellence and training courses should be held in the areas of self-assessment and knowledge management for staff.
 

---

Introduction: The most important challenge for nursing staff is the transmission of infection. Prevention of transmission of hospital infections requires standard precautions. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between knowledge of standard precautions control infection and “Health Belief Model’s” construct with performance standard precautions control infection in nursing students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 123 nursing students were enrolled in educational hospitals using census method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, “Questionnaire of Knowledge of Standard Precautions of Infection Control”, “Health Belief Model Constructs Questionnaire” and, “Questionnaire of Performance of Standard Precautions of Infection Control”. Content validity and reliability were determined by Cronbach's alpha method. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 20.
Results: The mean score of students 'knowledge in the standard infection control (53.57 ± 12.39) was at the moderate level and the mean score of students' standard precautions at a good level (74.22 ± 14.99) were evaluated. The mean scores obtained from each construct of the “Health Belief Model” were as follows: perceived susceptibility (87.51 ± 9.94), perceived severity (89.71 ± 10.38), perceived benefits (94.58 ± 8.44), and perceived barriers (61.75 ± 14.81), guide for action (82.85 ± 9.99) and perceived self-efficacy (31.85 ± 12.23). According to Pearson test, there was a significant correlation between sensitivity and performance of the standard precautions (P <0.05).
Conclusions: Knowledge and constructs of the model, among the most were moderate and good, respectively. But students were at a weak level of self-efficacy. Considering the relationship between the perceived susceptibility construct and the standard precautions for controlling infection, the focus on this structure is suggested through teaching to students.
 

---

Introduction: One of the most important tasks of human resource management is to staffing system. Improving and developing human resources with a knowledge-based approach is one of the main goals of third millennium organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the components of staffing system based on knowledge-based organizational civilization in medical universities.
Methods: This research is a qualitative study with content analysis approach that was conducted with the participation of 16 lectures of health services management, managers of medical universities and teachers of the Department of Public Administration in Birjand. Interviews were semi-structured and individual meetings were held. Data were analyzed by content analysis method using MAXQDA.12.
 Results: After content analysis, 10 main themes and 44 sub-themes were identified, which based on the highest frequency, including continuous learning, committed employees, creative and innovative employees, knowledge employees, ethical employees, learning ability, meritocracy, competitiveness, intellectual capital, and knowledge management.
Conclusion: The most important factors in staffing are the components of continued learning, committed employees, creative and innovative employees, and knowledge-oriented staff. Therefore, in order to create a knowledge-based organizational civilization in universities of medical sciences, these components should be considered in Supply human resources.

---

Introduction: Positions in team sports provide countless opportunities for players to express creative behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coach's humility and knowledge sharing with creativity of Iran women volleyball premier league players.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population consisted of all the players of the Women's Volleyball Premier League in 2019, whose number is 126. Due to the limited number of players, the statistical sample was selected as a total of 126 people. In this study, the "Expressed Humility Scale", the "Knowledge Sharing Behavior Scale (KSBS), the" Creativity Scale "were used. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed through face validity, content, convergence and confirmatory factor analysis construct and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed using Smart Pls 3.5 software.
Results: There was a significant negative and positive correlation between coach's humility and creativity (β= -0.34, P=0.030) and knowledge sharing (β= 0.42, P= 0.010). Also, there is a significant positive correlation between knowledge sharing (β = 0.47, =0.001) with the creativity of Iranian Women's Volleyball Premier League players.
Conclusions: There is a significant positive and negative correlation between the coach's humility and the creativity and knowledge sharing of the Iranian Women's Volleyball Premier League players, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the coaching committee of the Volleyball Federation of Iran consider coaching style training as one of the most important indicators in coaching courses and hold training courses for coaches.

 

---

Introduction: Age and gender are among the variables related to individual differences that play an important role in self-knowledge, epistemological beliefs and personality traits. The aim of this study was to compare self-knowledge, epistemological beliefs and personality traits of students based on age and gender.
Methods: The study method was descriptive-comparative. The statistical population of the present study included all students of universities (Azad, Payame Noor, Applied Science and Technology, Non-profit and other national universities) in Tehran in the academic year of 1996-97. 400 students were selected by cluster random sampling. The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire, the “Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale”, the “Epistemological Beliefs Questionnaire”, and the “NEO Five-Factor Inventory”. The validity of the instruments was confirmed by face validity and reliability by internal consistency by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed by SPSS. 23.
Results: There was a significant mean difference in the scores of "agreeableness" personality traits in the group of male and female students and women scored higher than men (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant mean difference in the scores of epistemological beliefs of "fast learning" (P=0.001) and personality traits of "neuroticism" (P=0.001), "agreeableness" (P=0.022) was present in students in terms of calendar age. Students in age groups (18-29) learn faster more grades; and in neuroticism and "agreeableness", they got lower scores than the age groups (36-47) years. Younger students (18-29) believed in fast learning more than older ones (47-36), and had lower "neuroticism” and agreement.
Conclusions: Female students had a more "agreeableness" personality trait than male students. Also, the younger the students, the more they not only believe in "fast learning" (epistemological beliefs), but also have a lower "neuroticism" personality trait; However, their degree of "agreeableness" is lower than that of students in higher age groups. Therefore, it is suggested that public health professionals, in examining students' self-knowledge, epistemological beliefs, and personality traits, also pay attention to their gender and age factors.
 

---

Introduction: The parent-child relationship pattern is one of the essential components of children's development and is often related to their most important achievements such as social and cognitive abilities. The aim of the present study is to predict the self-concept of adolescent girls based on the pattern of parent-child communication and their parents' integrativee self-knowledge.
Methods: The present research method is descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all female students of the first secondary level in Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020, of which 460 adolescent girls and their parents as a sample unit using the multistage random sampling method and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Data collection instruments include demographic questionnaire, "Self-Concept Questionnaire", "Parent Child Communication Pattern Questionnaire" and "Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The research data were collected online through the link designed to answer the questionnaires. Structural Equation Model, SPSS. 24 and AMOS .24 software and maximum likelihood estimation method were used for data analysis.
Results: Parent-child communication patterns predict adolescent girls' self-concept negatively                    (β= -0/141, P<0/05). Parents integrativee self-knowledge predicts adolescent girls' self-concept positively (β=0/548, P<0/01). Parent-child communication patterns negatively predicted adolescent girls' self-concept through parents' cohesive self-knowledge (β=0/052, P<0/05).
Conclusions: Adolescent girls 'self-concept is predicted based on the parent-child communication pattern and their parents' cohesive self-knowledge. it is recommended to hold educational workshops for families to improve the pattern of parent-child relationship and self- integrative of parents.  
 

---

Introduction: The need to design and establish an integrated knowledge management system is one of the strategic issues of the social security organization. The present research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of Internal organizational factors effective on tacit knowledge management of social security organization with the Grounded Theory approach.
Method: The current study is of a qualitative type that was conducted with the Grounded Theory method. The statistical population of this research included managers at the high, middle, and operational levels of the vice-chancellor of management and human resources and the subordinate offices of this vice-chancellor in the headquarters of the Social Security Organization in 1401. The sampling method was purposive & snowball. Using the principle of theoretical saturation, the number of samples reached 18 semi-structured interviews. In the present study, to measure the validity of the findings, content validity was used and to measure the reliability of the findings, the method of reviewing the interview texts by the interviewees and the method of two coders was used. Data analysis was done with open, axial, and selective triple coding using MaxQDA .12 software.
Results: 57 open codes, 5 central codes including organizational strategy, information technology governance, organizational structure, organizational culture, and learning organization, 18 selective codes including knowledge sharing, external environment, innovation, foresight, analytical, reactive, personal abilities, mental patterns, shared vision and ideals, team learning, systems thinking, complexity, formality, centralization and decentralization, acquisition, planning, monitoring, and support were identified.
Conclusion: The components of causal conditions include knowledge sharing, external environment, and innovation, context including formality and complexity, intervention conditions including acquisition, planning, monitoring, and support, phenomena including concentration and lack of concentration, strategies including foresight, analysis, and reaction, and consequences. It included the ability of personal abilities, mental patterns, shared vision and ideals, team learning, and systems thinking. It is suggested that the officials of the social security organization provide a suitable platform for the management of tacit knowledge in the social security organization by considering the designed model.