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Abstract

 

Introduction: In 21^st century obesity has rapidly increased and it has become one of the greatest public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine related factors with obesity in Tehranian households.

 

Materials and Methods:In this descriptive study, multivariate analysis was used to estimate the odds of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) as a function of age, sex, marital status, educational level and smoking by using data from” Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)” database. In this study 3,935 households participants who were equal or more than 20 years old, were recruited from phase III (2006-2008) of this study. Height of participants was measured to the nearest 5 mm without considering their shoe heels. Weight and height were measured using digital electric scale and meter tape. Data were analyzed by SPSS/16 and SAS version 9.1.

 

Findings: The mean BMI was 26.59 (kg/m²) in men and 27.96 (kg/m²) in women. After adjustment for other variables, obesity odds ratios were 1.01 (P<0.001), 2.10 (P<0.001), and 1.54 (P<0.001) for age, women and married individuals, respectively. There was an inverse significant association between education and obesity. Obesity OR_S were 0.83 (P<0.028) for high school and 0.50 (P<0.001) for university educational levels.

Conclusion:The results of this study show that related factors in this research are similar to other countries. Therefore, obesity with related factors should be considered in health programming

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Abstract

 

Introduction: Body image is complex concern including biological, psychological, internal and external social factors.The present research was conducted in order to determine the correlation of perceived body image and physical activity in women and men according to the different levels of Body Mass Index(BMI).

 

Materials  and  Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational method and 264 subjects were selected by random stratified cluster sampling from teachers and staff of Tabriz University and they completed personal and demographic information, “Silhouette Figure Rating” and “Physical Activity Rate” questionnaires. In development the “Silhouette Figure Rating Scale”, concurrent validity with BMI have been reported 0.71 and test-retest reliability 0.78 respectively. In this research concurrent validity with BMI was obtained 0.70. Data were analyzed by SPSS/18.

 

Findings: 33.3 percent of women and 48.8 percent of men in normal weight had correct perception of self body image. Also it was shown that body image almost would explain of 63 percent and 49 percent of BMI variance in men and women respectively. It was shown significant correlation between BMI and body image in women (Fisher's Exact Test =58.84, P<0.0001) and men (Fisher's Exact Test=74.18, P<0.0001). The diagnostic function was obtained in this research correctly classified 59.8 percent of people (158 of 264 people).

 

 Conclusion: Obese people have the most and normal weight people have the lowest correct understanding from body image, So that nearly half of those with normal weight understand their less and more of the actual situation. Future research with different method of body image, physical activity and body max index in different group is recommended.

 

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Introduction: Lifestyle is one of the determinants of individuals' health status and one of the main strategies to maintain healthy lifestyle. Body mass index in work environment can be used as an indicator of individual's lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of body mass index and health promotion lifestyle among healthcare workers of Saqqez city. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive- correlational study, 180 staff of health care and hospital of Imam Khomeini hospital of Saqqez in Kurdistan participated by convince sampling. Demographic questionnaire and “Health Promotion Life Style II” (HPLP-II) was used to collect data. The validity of the instrument was determined by content validity and the reliability was obtained by alpha Cronbach coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSS/21. Findings: The mean BMI and HPLP score of staffs were 25.38±3.70, 2.68 ± 0.48 respectively. The highest score was in participants who had a normal body mass index. Analysis showed that nutrition and physical activity were the highest and the lowest score dimensions respectively. Conclusion: The mean score of health promotion lifestyle staff was desirable. However the mean of staff body mass index was not at the desirable level. Thus, physical activity as one of the health promoting behaviors is suggested.

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Introduction: Figure rating and body appreciation assessment in physically active and sedentary females could encourage exercise participation. The aim of this study was to determine the figure rating and body appreciation in sedentary and those women present in sport activities from Tabriz City. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted on 453 females from Tabriz at 2015. In total, 133 trainer and 321 sedentary females completed the exercise behavior questionnaire, “Muscle Dimorphic Disorder Inventory”, “Photographic Figure Rating Scale” (PFRS) and “Body Appreciation Scale”. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were α=0.84, α=0,82, α=0,83 and α=0,79 respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS/21. Findings: The figure rating was lower than the actual body size and the rate of body appreciation (3.45±0.81) and was higher than the median values in the majority of the subjects (P<0.05). The majority of exercise participants were overweight (36.8%) and/or obese (50.4%) and their body mass index was higher than sedentary counterparts (P<0.05). Conclusion: The majority of Tabriz women have slim perception about themselves. Encourage and participation of obese and overweight females more than other weight classes is suggested.

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Introduction: The high risk of injuries caused by patient transfer among nurses indicates the inappropriate implementation of patient handling techniques. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the impact of ergonomic patient transfer method training on the operating room staff performance using “Patient Transfer Assessment Instrument” and “Rapid Entire Body Assessment” questionnaires.

Methods: In this pre- and post-quasi-experimental study, 31 operating room nursing personnel of Marvdasht Educational Hospital were selected based on convenience sampling. The sample was taught the patient transfer technique from bed to stretcher and the inverse method according to ergonomic principles. Data were collected using “Patient Transfer Assessment Instrument” and “Rapid Entire Body Assessment” questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS 19.

Results: Results showed that the mean scores in “Patient Transfer Assessment Instrument” were 61.739 (second level; need for ergonomic proceedings) before the intervention and 83.3 (desired level) after the intervention. In addition, the mean scores in “Rapid Entire Body Assessment” were 8.03 (high-risk level; need for ergonomic proceedings) before the intervention and 2.64 (low-risk level) after the intervention. Analysis showed no significant correlation between the two mean scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: This study indicated that training was effective in enhancing the staffs’ patient transfer technique skills. Therefore, in order to improve patient transfer skills and reduce occupational injuries in hospitals, it is suggested to provide training programs based on ergonomic principles.

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Introduction: Body image is the internal embodiment of individual's external appearance. The poor perception of body image can lead to several issues. This study is conducted with the aim to study the correlation between women’s body image satisfaction and demographic factors with the role of sport participation in the Boukan city in 2015.

Methods: This study is a descriptive–correlational study. 130 participants in Boukan city (women with between 20 and 30 years) who were willing to participate (half of the participants were athletes and the other half non-athletes) were selected through random sampling. Data was collected with the demographic questionnaire and the “Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire” (MBSRQ). Cronbach's alpha 0.69 and 0.60 concurrent validity was obtained in this study. Data was analyzed by SPSS/20.

Results: The score of the body image had negative correlation with the age (-0.39), weight

(-0.29 and years of marriage (-0.39). In contrast, the body image had positive correlation with physical activities (0.63) and the height of participants (0.31). Women's body image scores is approximately explained with 46% variance of the predictor variables. For body image score, physical activities were the best predictor and the weight was the second best predictor. Moreover, there was a significant difference between body image and its subscales in active and inactive groups (t = 9.350, P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions: Analysis showed a difference in body image between athletes and non-athletes participants. In addition, physical activity was the best predictor of body image. Therefore, participation in physical activities is recommended for improving the body image satisfaction.

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Introduction: Physical activity and exercise play a role in reducing body image dissatisfaction and body mass index. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on body image concern, identity crisis and BMI modification, in girls with body image concern.

Methods: The study is a quasi-experimental with pre and post -test. The study population included all high school girls in Tabriz whom were selected by convenience sampling and filed "Body Image Concern Inventory". 52 of the students with high scores on body image dissatisfaction is selected. Then the “Personal Data Questionnaire” and “Ahmadi Personal Identity Questionnaire”, of which the construct validity and reliability have been reported in pervious study is used in collecting data. The sample students participated in the aerobic exercise for twelve sessions. Finally the post-test is completed and Data are analyzed with SPSS.23.

Results: There is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test variables; dissatisfaction with body image, identity crisis and BMI (P < 0.01). In addition, there are negative and significant correlation between dissatisfaction with body image (r = -0.3, P < 0.03) and identity crisis (r = -0.3, P < 0.02) with BMI modification (P = -0.02, P = 0.03). Finally, the BMI modification index decreased 0.3 units per unit of the dissatisfaction of body image and identity crisis.

Conclusions: Participation aerobic exercises can reduce BMI, concern of body image and crisis of identity in students. Therefore, to enhance the body image dissatisfaction, crisis of identity and body mass index, it is suggested to encourage and increase the participation of adolescents in sport activities.

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Introduction: Addiction is considered as one of the main problems / diseases of the current century that has created global concern and solving this problem seems to be vital nowadays. The aim of present study is to determine the effect of physical activity on body mass index (BMI) and some physical fitness factors in addicted women.

Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 addicted women are selected by multistage random method from one of drug disposal centers in Tabriz. These participants were divided into two groups of physical activity and control group according to their age and height. Physical activity were hold in 24 sessions, three sessions per week and each session was 60 minutes. Pre-test was done before the start of training and post-test at the end of the last session that included measurement of BMI (weight/height2) fitness factors (vo2 max (Rockport test), muscular strength (Dynamometer), muscular endurance (Curl-Up and Modified Pull-Up), agility (4×9 run) and flexibility (Sit and Reach). The data has been analyzed by SPSS 21.

Results: To compared with the control group, in the physical activity group BMI (P ₌ 0.026) and fitness factors including of vo2 max (P ₌ 0.004), muscular strength (P₌ 0.048), muscular endurance (P ₌ 0.001), agility (P ₌ 0.019), and flexibility (P ₌ 0.006) had significant improvements (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions: Physical activity improves health related fitness factors in addicted women. Therefore, physical activity in addicted women’s centers to prompt physical health is suggested.

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Introduction: Controlling diabetes is important to reduce its complications and prevent the disability. The aim of this study was to determine the HbA1c level in patients with type 2 diabetes in the first three years of care and its related factors.
Methods: In this descriptive-longitudinal study, 214 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the health centers of Golestan University of Medical Sciences and under the “National Plan for the Prevention and Care of Diabetic Patients” were assessed during2013-2016. Random cluster sampling was performed to select the patients. The information including sex, age, history of hypertension and smoking as well as the amount of HbA1c associated with the blood test at the time of entry into the plan and at the first three years, once a year (4 repetitions in total), was collected from the patient records. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA method by the statistical software R 3.3.2.
Results: The mean HbA1c reduced in three years. The results showed that four factors including age, history of hypertension, history of smoking, and BMI had a significant relation with HbA1c (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: The amount of HbA1c has been controlled during the implementation of “the National Plan for the Prevention and Care of Diabetic Patients”. Regarding the related factors, it is recommended to consider the importance of controlling blood pressure, and weight and to stop or reduce smoking in the patients.

 

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Introduction: Body dysmorphic disorder, is one of the most common causes of cosmetic surgery. The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of personal intelligence and body intelligence training on the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery applicants with mixed models.
Methods: This study is semi-experimental study which was conducted through pre-test, posttest and follow-up. Statistical samples of the present study consisted of 48 applicants who referred to Tabriz cosmetic surgery centers in 2016. Samples were randomly divided in to three groups of 16 (personal intelligence, body intelligence training groups and control groups). For collecting data, “Mayer’s Personal Intelligence”, “Anderson’s Body Intelligence”, and “Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire (BDMÇQ)” Were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed in the previous studies.  The data was analyzed with SPSS.22 statistical software.
Results: Results shows that the personal intelligence and the body intelligence training have significant effects on decreasing the body dysmorphic disorder in the cosmetic surgery applicants (F= 3.8; P<0.006). But difference effectiveness of these interventions is not significant to treat the body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery applicants (F=-2.87; P>0.05).
Conclusions: Both of the therapeutic methods are effective in reducing body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery. Therefore, it is recommended that these therapies can be used to reduce body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery.

 

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Introduction: Today, bulimia nervosa is one of the common psychological disorders that disturb cognition, emotions, and behaviors of the affected people. The current study aimed at determining the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in cognitive emotion regulation and body image concerns in females with bulimia nervosa.
Methods: The current semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group was conducted on 160 females with bulimia nervosa referring to counseling centers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample consisted of 30 females with bulimia nervosa selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The research instruments were the Garnefski cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and the Littleton body image concern inventory. Reliability of the instruments were measured by Cronbach's alpha. The acceptance and commitment therapy package was performed in eight 90-minute sessions for the experimental group. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 22.
Results: Negative emotion control strategies, positive emotion regulation strategies, and worries about body image before intervention in the experimental group were 50.07, 32.33, and 81.53, and in the control group were 49.60, 33.40, and 81.20, respectively with no significant difference between the groups. However, after the intervention, the negative emotion regulation strategies, positive emotion regulation strategies, and concern of body image in the intervention group were 28.47, 56.0, and 69.13 and in the control group were 49.53, 33.40 and 83.4, respectively, which showed a significant difference between the groups (P ≤ 0.01).
Conclusions: The acceptance and commitment therapy can reduce negative strategies and increases the positive strategies of emotional cognitive regulation. The findings also showed that concern about the body image is reduced by intervention. Therefore, it is recommended to use this therapeutic approach to improve bulimia nervosa and emotion regulation in such individuals.
 

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Introduction: The core of diabetes management is self-care and patient education. Because motivational interviewing is an effective strategy for empowering the patient for greater self-efficacy and positive behavioral change. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group-based motivational interviews on clinical outcomes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This study was a semi-experimental clinical trial with pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with control group, which was conducted in 2019 in Zanjan city. Among the clients of the endocrinology clinic and the metabolic research center of Valiasr Hospital in Zanjan, 60 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes were selected based on the purpose and based on the criteria for entering the research. Participants in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n = 15). Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, body mass index, and blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin test. Data were analyzed with SPSS. 22.
Results: Blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and body mass index decreased one week and two months after the motivational interview in both groups with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (P <0.05).
Conclusions: The impact of motivational interviewing is an interventionist approach to positive behavioral change as well as better control of diabetes. Therefore, its use is recommended to prevent the irreversible complications of diabetes.
 

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Introduction: Low self-esteem and poor body image cause patients with skin diseases to lack Assertiveness and avoid social interactions. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Assertiveness and Effective Communication Skills" training on self-esteem and self-communication in chronic skin patients. 
Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included people with chronic skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo and alopecia who referred to two dermatology clinics located in Tehran and Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran in 2019. Among them, 38 eligible volunteers were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to the two groups of training: "Courage and Effective Communication Skills" and Control. The research instruments included the demographic questionnaire, “Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory” and “Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire”. The content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and the reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were collected after conducting 8 sessions of training for the intervention group. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 24.
Results: In the present study, the interactive effect of group on time on body self-related subscales (P=0.019, F= 4.21), body surface parts (P= 0.026, F = 3.85) and self-classification of weight (P= 0.015, F=4.47) was significant at the level of 0.05. The interactive effect of group on time on the subscales of general self-esteem (P= 0.002, F=6.68), home self-esteem (P=0.004, F=6.52) and social self-esteem (P= 0.001, F=7.01) was significant at the level of 0.01.
Conclusions: Training "Assertiveness and Effective Communication Skills" is effective on self-esteem and body self-communication in people with chronic skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo and alopecia. Therefore, training in "Assertiveness and Effective Communication Skills" is recommended for people with skin diseases. 
Keywords: Assertiveness, Body Image, Effective communication, Self-Esteem, Chronic Skin Diseases.
 

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Introduction: When family members show compassion for themselves and others, they form a positive body image of themselves, free from blame and criticism. The aim of this study was to determine the structural model of correlation between family adjustment and cohesion with body image concern with the mediating role of perfectionism and compassion in Tehran residents. 
Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all residents of Tehran in 2020, from which 654 people were selected by convenience sampling method. To collect data from the demographic questionnaire, the “Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale”, the "Body Image Concern Inventory", the “Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale” and the “Self-Compassion Scale” was used. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Structural equation model and SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24 software were used to analyze the data. 
Results: The path coefficient between family adjustment and cohesion and body image anxiety was negative due to perfectionism (P <0.01, β = -0.209) and self-compassion (P <0.01, β = -0.158), and was significant at the level of 0.01. 
Conclusions: Perfectionism and self-compassion mediate the correlation between family adjustment and cohesion with body image concerns in a negative and meaningful way. Therefore, it is suggested that educational workshops be held to teach positive and adaptive perfectionism, as well as self-compassion for the residents of Tehran. 
 

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Introduction: The use of “Whole Body Vibration Training” as a relatively new method of neuro-muscular training and strong mechanical stimulation is of interest for athletes of various disciplines. The aim of this study was to determine the ‎effect of “Whole Body Vibration Training” on body composition and some ‎cardiovascular risk factors in male students. ‎
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 male students of Alborz ‎University physical education students were selected purposefully and convenience and based on body mass index were ‎studied in 2 groups of “Whole Body Vibration Training” (10 people) and control ‎group (10 people). Data were recorded using a demographic questionnaire, ‎digital scale of personal scale model 180 kg and digital standing gauge of Seca ‎model 264. ‎Fasting blood samples were taken from the brachial veins and systolic blood ‎pressure was recorded using a mercury sphygmomanometer made by ‎Rossmax Company in Taiwan. The “Jackson and Pollock Skinfold Test” was used ‎to measure body fat percentage to estimate body composition. The validity ‎and reliability of the tests has been confirmed in previous studies. The ‎intervention group performed “Whole Body Vibration Training” (frequency: 30 Hz ‎and amplitude 4 mm) for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. ‎
Results: The mean body composition (12.37±3.51) and high-density ‎lipoprotein (46.48±3.29) in the intervention group compared to the pretest ‎respectively (14.37±2.26) and (41.75±3.84) experienced significant ‎improvement. While none of the variables studied in this study in the control ‎group and also triglyceride, fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure in the ‎intervention group did not change significantly (P>0.05). ‎
Conclusions: The results showed the effect of “Whole Body Vibration Training” with the frequency and amplitude used on improving the body composition and high-density lipoprotein of male students. It is recommended to use “Whole Body Vibration Training” to improve body composition and cardiovascular risk factors as one of the new training methods with special and safe achievements, low cost and applicable in work and home environment with the same protocol.
 

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Introduction: Social networks provide a platform for narcissism and self- objectivism experiences. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the pattern of structural equations of pathological narcissism based on knowledge of objectification and harmful use of social networks mediated by beliefs about appearance in women and men.
Methods: The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research included all men and women over 18 years old in Ahvaz city, and 298 of them were selected using the convenience sampling method through social networks. Data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire, "Pathological Narcissism Inventory", "Objectified Body Consciousness Scale", "Generalized Pathological Internet Use Scale" and "Beliefs about Appearance Scale". Instrument validity was performed using content validity by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by Cronbach's alpha calculation. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24.
Results: The proposed model for women and men had a good fit. Also, knowledge of objectification with on pathological narcissism was significant in the female group, but not significant in the male group. Harmful use of social networks with on pathological narcissism was significant in both men and women. Awareness of objectification and harmful use of social networks with beliefs about appearance were significant in men and women (P <0.01). Among the indirect pathways, beliefs about appearance can significantly mediate the correlation of objectification awareness and the harmful use of social networks with pathological narcissism men, but were not significant in women.
Conclusions: Gender significantly modulates the effect of objectification awareness on beliefs about appearance in men. Also, gender significantly modulates the effect of harmful use of social networks on pathological narcissism in women. It is suggested that psychologists and health professionals pay attention to the role and relationships between these variables.
 

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 Introduction: Upon entering the university environment, students face different challenges, including how to communicate with classmates. The purpose of this research is to predict  multidimensional body-self relations based on traumatic childhood and perceptions of parent, mediated by identity styles in among university students of Zanjan Branch Islamic Azad University
Methods: The current research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of all students of Islamic Azad University, Zanjan branch in the academic year of 2022-2023 was (9223 people) and using Morgan's table, 322 were selected by stratified random sampling method (society was heterogeneous). Data collection instruments include: demographic questionnaire, "Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire", "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire", “Perceptions of Parent Scale” and “Identity Styles Questionnaire”. For the validity of the instruments, previous researches were used and reliability was calculated using the internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using the structural equation model through statistical software SPSS. 24 and AMOS. 24.
Results: There is a significant positive inverse correlation between traumatic childhood and multidimensional body-self relations and parents' perception and identity styles (P<0.01). Normative identity style had a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood and multidimensional body-self relations, as well as identity styles in the relationship between parents' perception and multidimensional relationships of body-self (P<0.01).
Conclusions: Multidimensional body-self relations are predicted by traumatic childhood and parental perceptions mediated by identity styles. It is suggested to increase the level of parents' awareness by holding training courses on parenting styles and creating a healthy environment to reduce childhood injuries to improve multidimensional body-self relations.
 

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Introduction: The level of acceptance and action of people is influential in the emergence of body image and health-promoting behaviors in people. The present study aimed to predict a health-promoting lifestyle based on acceptance and action with the mediation of body image concern in obese women. 
Methods: The descriptive research method is correlation type. The statistical population of the current study consisted of women with a body mass index above 30 who referred to weight loss clinics in district one of Tehran city in 1402. Among them, 245 people were selected by non-random and conveyance sampling method. To collect data demographic questionnaire, "Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile", "Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II" and "Body Image Concern Inventory" was used. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using content validity ratio method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. The data was analyzed with SPSS 24 and AMOS 24.
Results: Acceptance and action (β=0.252, P=0.001) predicts health-promoting lifestyle in obese women. Body image mediates the relationship between acceptance and action (β=0.083, P=0.001) with health-promoting lifestyle in obese women. 
Conclusions: Health-promoting lifestyle is predicted based on acceptance and action with the mediation of body image concern in obese women. Health professionals are suggested to focus on obesity treatment and health promotion in obese women on their acceptance, practice, and manifestations, including body image.
 

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Introduction: Bulimia nervosa is one of the common problems among women, which will cause a significant change in the lifestyle and physical and mental health of a person. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the mediating role of emotional reactivity between self-compassion and body image concern with bulimia nervosa in female students in the Azad universities of Gilan province.
Methods: The present research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study was all female students with bulimia nervosa studying in the free universities of Gilan province in the second semester of 2022-2023 academic year. 254 students who scored 18 to 48 based on "Binge Eating Scale" were selected as people with bulimia in a non-random and purposeful sampling method. Data with demographic questionnaire, "Emotion Reactivity Scale", "Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form", "Body Image Concern Inventory", and "Binge Eating Scale" were collected. The validity of the instruments was done by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in SPSS 24 and Amos .24.
Results: The proposed model has a good fit based on the fit indices (RMSEA= 0.065). In addition, self-compassion has a negative, direct and significant correlation with body image concern (β= -0.306) and emotional reactivity has a positive, direct and significant correlation with body image concern (β=0.555). Also, self-compassion has a direct, negative and significant correlation with emotional reactivity (β=-0.365). The results of the bootstrap test showed that self-compassion has a negative, indirect and significant correlation with the mediating role of emotional reactivity with body image concern (β=0.203). Therefore, emotional reactivity plays a mediating role between these two variables. (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Self-compassion and body image concern directly, indirectly and negatively have a significant correlation with the emotional reactivity of students' bulimia nervosa scores. Therefore, it is suggested to hold training courses to improve self-compassion skills, and deal with emotional reactivity and body image concern management for students with bulimia nervosa.


 

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Introduction: Social phobia is one of the most common psychological disorders, which is characterized by the fear of being in social situations and the fear and worry of being negatively evaluated by others. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" on rumination of anger and multidimensional body-self relations of female students of the secondary level with social phobia disorder in Ahvaz city.
Methods: This research was a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up (60 days) with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all female students of the secondary level of Ahvaz city in the academic year of 2022-2023. The research sample included 60 people with known social phobia disorder, were divided by simple random sampling based on lottery into 2 intervention groups (30 people) and control (30 people). Research instruments include demographic questionnaire, "Anger Rumination Scale", "Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire" and "Social Phobia Inventory". which was implemented at the level of 2 groups of subjects and in 3 stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Validity of instruments using qualitative methods and reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha. The experimental group had 8 sessions and each session lasted for 60 minutes as a group and weekly and based on the "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy". The data was analyzed by SPSS .23.
Results: "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" is effective on anger rumination (P<0.01, F=21.07) and Multidimensional Body-self Relations (F>0.05, P=5.97) of female students of the secondary level with social phobia.
Conclusions: "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy” had a significant effect on reducing rumination of anger and Multidimensional Body-self Relations. It is suggested that counselors in school help to reduce the level of rumination of anger and reduce concern about students' body image by implementing "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" in case of social phobia in students.