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Introduction: Divorce can put people›s mental health at risk and adjustment can help. The aim of study was to determine the effectiveness of «Forgiveness-Based Group Counseling» on post-divorce women›s adjustment.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and its design was pretest-posttest with control group. The study population was all divorced women referring to crisis intervention center of welfare center of Torbat Heydariyeh city in 2016. The sample consisted of 30 individuals who were selected through the available sampling method from eligible applicants to participate in a forgiveness-based group counseling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The research instrument was the “Fisher›s Divorce Adjustment Scale”. Content validity of the questionnaire and reliability were assessed by Cronbach›s alpha. The intervention group received «Forgiveness-Based Group Counseling» in 6 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using SPSS. 22.
Results: «Forgiveness-Based Group Counseling» has a significant effect on increasing self-worth, abandonment, reducing anger, passing through grief, social intimacy, and social self-worth, and overall post-divorce adjustment (p <0.05).
Conclusions: «Forgiveness-Based Group Counseling» increases women›s adaptation after divorce. Therefore, it is recommended to use this method to increase adjustment and reduce post-divorce problems.

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Introduction: Students' social adaptation and educational achievement require their educational conflict and self-efficacy in education. The aim of this study was to determine the fit of educational self-efficacy model based on educational conflict, goals progress and social adjustment of high school students.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all second grade high school students in Tehran who were studying in the academic year of 2018-19. 547 students were selected as a multi-stage cluster method and entered the research. To collect data from “Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale”, “Zerang Educational Conflict Questionnaire”, “Achievement Goal Questionnaire”, and “Adjustment Inventory” was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS. 22.
Results: There was a significant correlation between the components of social adjustment, goals progress and educational conflict (excluding the avoidance component) with the educational self-efficacy with 99% confidence. These variables explained the value of educational self-efficacy variance (0.49, 0.37, 0.21), respectively. Fitness indicators were also optimal after pattern correction (0.074).
Conclusion: The correlation between educational self-efficacy and educational conflict with the goals progress and social adjustment n in the proposed model is well-suited. It is suggested that teaching methods emphasize student self-efficacy and educational conflict to promote social adjustment in learners.
 

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Introduction: One of the causes of stress in parents that is associated with reduced social adjustment is the birth of a disabled child. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy" on social adjustment and parenting stress in mothers with children with physical disabilities.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with children with physical disabilities who referred to Welfare Screening Center for Dolatabad in Rey city (Aftab, Kahrizak and Fashafoyeh Wards). Sampling method was purposefully selected (30 mothers) and randomly divided into intervention (15 people) and control (15 people) groups using lottery method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, "Social Adjustment Scale" and "Parental Stress Scale". Content validity and face validity was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. "Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy" was performed for the intervention group for 8 sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention for the control group, the intervention was performed. Pre-test before the intervention and post-test at the end of the intervention were received for both groups under the intervention and the follow-up period (3 months). The data were analyzed with SPSS. 24. 
Results: There is a significant difference between the intervention and control groups after the therapy. The mean score of social adjustment increased and the score of parenting stress decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group (P <0.001). 
Conclusions: “Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy" increased social adjustment and reduced parenting stress in mothers with children with physical disabilities. It is suggested that the above method be used as a psychological intervention to increase social adjustment and reduce parenting stress of mothers with children with physical disabilities. 
 

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Introduction: The family, as an important institution and provider of individual and social health, can always be threatened by various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to marital adjustment as an effective factor in maintaining the marital relationship. The aim of this study was to provide a model of marital adjustment based on self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility mediated by coping strategies.
Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included married employees of the General Department of Education of Qom province and the education departments of District 1,2,3,4 of Qom city (about 600 people) in 2020, of which 270 people were selected by available sampling method, of which the data of 256 people were analyzed. Research instruments included the demographic questionnaire, the “Dyadic Adjustment Scale”, the “Differentiation of Self Inventory” (Revised), the “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory”, and the “Coping Strategies Questionnaire”. Face validity index and reliability were evaluated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .22 and Amos 16.
Results: Both models presented in this study had a good fit. Both variables of self- differentiation and cognitive flexibility have a direct and significant correlation with marital adjustment (P<0.05) which was more than indirect correlation. Among coping strategies, the scape-avoidance component was able to play a mediating role in the relationship between both variables of self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility with marital adjustment and the seeking social support component played a mediating role in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and marital adjustment.
Conclusions: Self-differentiation and cognitive flexibility had a positive and significant direct correlation with paired adaptation, which was stronger than indirect correlation. The two components of social support seeking and escape-avoidance also played a mediating role. It is suggested that couples and family counselors and therapists pay special attention to training in the proper use of coping strategies, as well as helping to develop cognitive flexibility and client self-differentiation.
 

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Introduction: Today, attention to the family and its role in the establishment of a healthy society has been given more attention by psychologists and researchers. One of the most important issues in couple adjustment is alexithymia. Therefore, the aim of the present study is prediction of couple adjustment based on disconnection and rejection schema with the Mediation of alexithymia an in married elementary school teachers of Qom city.
Methods: The current research is of a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all married male and female educators of Qom province. The research sample was based on Krejcie & Morgan's table and there were 291 male and female married elementary school teachers in Qom who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Measurement instruments include demographic questionnaire, "Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale", "Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form" and "Toronto Alexithymia Scale".  The validity of the tools was checked by exploratory factor analysis and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman-Brown's correlation coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 24 and AMOS 24.
Results: The proposed model has a good fit (GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.94, NFI=0.91, CFI=0.9, RMSEA=0.04) and alexithymia has a significant mediating role between disconnection and rejection schema with couple adjustment (P<0.05). Also, alexithymia has a significant mediating role in the relationship between disconnection and rejection schema to couple adjustment.
Conclusions: The variable of alexithymia has a significant mediating role in the relationship between cut and rejection schema with couple compatibility. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists and counselors use schema therapy in order to improve couples who have dyslexia.


 

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Introduction: Divorced women who are independent from their families, compared to divorced women who are dependent on their families, may show strategies to deal with tension, adapt to divorce, and feel lonely. The present study aimed to compare divorce adjustment, coping with stress and loneliness feeling in independent and family-dependent divorced women. 
Methods: The method of present research is descriptive-comparative. The statistical population of this research included all the divorced women covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Qom in 2019, from which 35 independent women and 35 women dependent on the family were selected through non-random and convenience sampling method. The research instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale", "Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations" and "Loneliness Scale". Content validity of the instruments were measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data was analyzed in SPSS. 24.
Results: The results of the multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between divorce adjustment (P=0.001, F=88.09), task-oriented coping (P=0.015, F=6.22), emotion-oriented coping (P=0.001, F=72.9), avoidant-distracted coping (P=0.001, F=11.7) and loneliness feeling (P=0.001, F=46.5) between independent and family-dependent divorced women.
Conclusions: Family-independent divorced women showed a higher score in task-oriented coping and a lower score in emotion-oriented and avoidant-distracted coping compared to family-dependent divorced women. Family-independent divorced women showed a higher score in the total score of divorce adjustment and a lower score in the total score of loneliness feeling compared to family-dependent divorced women. Therefore, it is suggested to the officials of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation to implement training courses on coping strategies to reduce the feeling of loneliness and increase adaptation to divorce and the independence of divorced women dependent on the family.
 

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Introduction: Health locus of control and perceived social support are among the effective factors on psycho-social adjustment to illness. The aim of this study is prediction of psycho-social adjustment to illness based on health locus of control with the mediation of perceived social support in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Methods: The research method was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this research was made up of women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome who were referred to clinics in the West of Tehran city in the Spring of 2023. Among them, 208 people by sampling were selected purposefully. Research instruments include Demographic Questionnaire, "Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale”, "Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale" and "Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support". The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity using a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS.24 and AMOS.24.
Results: Health locus of control was able to predict psychosocial adjustment to illness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (β=0.549, P=0.010). Perceived social support was able to predict psychosocial adjustment to illness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (β=0.183, P=0.010). Health locus of control was able to predict psychosocial adjustment to illness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome with the mediation of perceived social support (β=0.055, P=0.010).
Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the locus of health control predicts psychosocial adjustment to illness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome through the mediation of perceived social support. Health counselors and psychologists should provide social support and improve the health locus of control of women with polycystic ovary syndrome to make them psychosocial adjustment to illness.
 
 

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Introduction: The lifestyle and dietary restrictions of kidney patients seriously affect their physical and mental functions, work ability and even their social relationships. The purpose of the present study was comparison of health-promoting lifestyle and psycho-social adaptation in patients undergoing hemodialysis, with kidney stones and healthy people.
Methods. The present research method is descriptive-comparative. The statistical population included all adult men and women under hemodialysis treatment, patients with kidney stones and healthy people living in Tehran. A sample of 2 groups, each group consisting of 60 people (120 people) of patients treated with hemodialysis and patients with kidney stones referred to Iranshahr Hospital located in Tehran in the summer and fall of 2023 and a healthy group including 60 people that according to their statements, they were free of kidney diseases and were selected to visit Iranshahr Hospital for outpatient treatment or as a patient's companion. Finally, 180 people were selected by convience sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, "Health-Promoting Life Style Profile II" and "Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale" were used to collect data. For the validity of the instruments, previous researches were used and reliability was calculated using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in SPSS. 26.
Results: The results of one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the health-promoting lifestyle in healthy people and patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment. So that the score of health-promoting lifestyle in healthy people is different by 16 points (t=15.91, P=0.001) from patients treated with hemodialysis. But the results did not show any significant difference between other groups in terms of health-promoting lifestyle. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the psycho-social adjustment to the disease of healthy people and patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment and patients with kidney stones, and the score of psycho-social adjustment to the disease of healthy people was about 23 points (t=22/88, P=0/001). It is different compared to patients treated with hemodialysis and also significant difference was seen between other groups.
Conclusions: Healthy people have a better health-promoting lifestyle than patients treated with hemodialysis, and also healthy people have better psycho-social adjustment to the disease than patients treated with hemodialysis and patients with kidney stones. Therefore, therapists and counselors are suggested to pay more attention to increasing psycho-social adjustment to the disease and improving the lifestyle of this group of patients, and if necessary, consider training or treatment courses for these patients.



 

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Introduction: Emotional intelligence and social re-adjustment are effective in the emergence of working children addiction capability. The aim of the present study was to predict the addiction potential based on emotional intelligence and the mediation of social re-adjustment in working children of Tehran.
Methods: The method of the current research is descriptive-correlation and the statistical population of the current research was made up of 12-18-year-old working children in Tehran in 1402. Among them, 215 people were selected by non-random and available sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, "Addiction Potential Scale", "Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire", and "Social Readjustment Rating Scale" were used to collect data. Validity The tools were measured using the qualitative method of content validity and internal consistency by calculating the Cronbach's coefficient. The data were analyzed with SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24.
Results: Emotional intelligence (β=0.358, P=0.001) predicts social readjustment in working children. Social readjustment (β=0.461, P=0.001) predicts addiction potential in work teenagers. Social readjustment mediates the correlation between emotional intelligence (β=0.223, P=0.001) and addiction potential in working children
Conclusions: Addiction potential is predicted based on emotional intelligence with the mediation of social readjustment. It is suggested to psychological experts and institutions supporting working children to focus on methods of strengthening emotional intelligence and controlling the tension of these people in preventing addiction of working children.