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Abstract

 

Introduction: In recent studies related to organization, the concept of organizational citizenship behavior has attracted the attention of many researchers and managers. Job Involvement is also an important variable that helps to increase the effectiveness of organization. This study aimed to determine correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of staff at two educational and private hospitals.

 

Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-correlational study that has taken place among 300 staffs that were selected randomly, in two public and private hospitals in Tehran. The Data gathering instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire that was consists of three parts: demographic information, "Organizational Citizenship Behavior" questionnaire, in five dimensions: conscience, altruism, virtue-orienting, magnanimity and courtesy and "Job Involvement" questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS/18.

 

Findings: Pearson test showed significant correlation (P<0.000) between citizenship behavior and job involvement of employees of two hospitals. Also in private hospital, there was a significant correlation between all dimensions of citizenship behavior and job involvement, except the item of courtesy. In public hospital, only between job involvement and altruism were not found significant correlations.

Conclusion: According to the results and importance of citizenship behavior in increasing Job involvement of hospitals staff, the most critical institution, it is suggested that managers try to improve organizations citizenship behavior by setting appropriate policies and strategies in their organization staff.

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Introduction: Nursing is a stressful occupation that its related tensions could affect individual spiritual health. Therefore, defense style against stress is very important for nurses. The aim of this study was comparative defense style used by nursing personnel in stressful situations, in Abadan College of Medical Sciences.  

 

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the Abadan College of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 100 nurses from Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals' that was selected by purposive Sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires include demographic data and "Defensive Styles Questionnaire - 40" that consist of three parts of mature defense style, neurotic and immature. Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.82 and data were analyzed using SPSS/18 software. Appropriate statistical analysis such as one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data.

 

Finding: The results showed that 67.3% of Taleghani Hospitals and 67.2% of Vali-e-asr hospitals’ Nurses used mature defense style as defense mechanism. The mean score for mature defense style was 11.55±2.4 which illustrates that most nurses used this type of defense style.

Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that most nurses' in front of occupational exposure to stress used appropriate and mature defense mechanisms but around one – third of them used inappropriate defense mechanism. Teaching defense style to nurses to cope with anxiety and stress is suggested for future study work. 

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Introduction: Nursing students’ communication skills lead to their health services. The present study aims to determine the impact of communication skills training on nursing students’ satisfaction in relation with patients.

Methods: This semi-experimental study consists of one group of pre and posttest. 35 nursing students through simple random sampling were selected. Data was collected by a demographic data, “queen-dom communication skills test” (the validity and reliability has been approved in previous studies), and “nursing student satisfaction in communicating with patients”. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity from 10 lecturers and its reliability was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha from 10 students. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21.

Results: In pre-intervention stage, the average nursing student satisfaction rate in communicating with patients and its different aspects changed from 2.48 in patient’s clinical state (min) to 3.46 in verbal communication state (max). In post-intervention stage, the average parameters changed from 3.68 in patients’ clinical state to 4.50 in verbal communication state. In post-intervention stage, the average nursing student satisfaction rate was more than the average (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Communication skills training for nursing students leads to increase in their satisfaction with patients. It is suggested that nursing teaches and managers pay more attention to communication skill training in both theoretical and practical courses.

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Introduction: Socialization assumes the process of professional role acceptance and a real way of professional identity improvement. This study is aimed to assess socialization concept and related factors in nursing from 2000 - 2014.

Methods: In this systematic review, quantitative and qualitative studies of nursing socialization concept identified through a search of Medline, Elsevier, Wiley data bases from 2000 to 2014. Keywords that were searched included “Nursing Socialization Professional Socialization” and “Nursing”. Then during complete review articles, English published papers of socialization and related factors were extracted.

Results: In the first phase, 607 studies related to nursing socialization concept were found and then 41 papers included nursing socialization directly or indirectly and between them 15 articles, 3 from Medline, 5 from Elsevier and 7 from Wiley, were related to research directly. Once the database searches were complete, the papers were reviewed first by title, then by abstract, and then by full paper by reasonable interpretive approach.

Conclusions: The findings showed nursing socialization is a multidimensional complex concept and is related to individual social factors and academic therapeutic organizations which act as facilitator or inhibitor. Both top and middle management levels of faculties and hospitals could use tips to form true socialization process and then professional identity will improve between nurses.

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Introduction: One of the most important characteristic of a successful performance appraisal system is its acceptability to employees. Therefore, it is necessary to use a reliable and valid tool that can specifically measure employees' attitudes towards performance appraisal.The current study aimed at developing and psychometrically evaluating an instrument to assess health workers attitudes towards annual performance appraisal.
Methods: In the current methodological study, after reviewing the existing literature on employees performance appraisal, an initial instrument containing 43 items was developed. The content validity index and content validity ratio were measured using the opinions of 10 faculty members, in the department of health service management at medical sciences universities, as well as health workers. Construct validity was measured by the exploratory factor analysis on a sample of 185 health workers of Hamedan District Health Center. Reliability of the instrument was measured by Cronbach's alpha and test-retest methods in 2-week intervals by 15 employees. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.
Results: After assessing the content validity, the initial 43 items were reduced to 33 items. Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 factors: performance feedback, performance measurement, organizational contexts, training and employees’ development, performance criteria, and using the results of the appraisal. The first 2 factors were the most important dimensions of annual performance appraisal in the view of employees, explaining 25.5% of total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and test-retest correlation coefficient were 0.95 and 0.93, respectively.
Conclusions: The resulting 33-item instrument showed acceptable psychometric properties to assess the attitude of health workers towards annual performance appraisal process; it can be used to assess and improve the various dimensions of employee performance appraisal.

 

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Introduction: Additional zeros in some counting data are a common phenomenon that limit the use of the traditional poisson regression model for analysis. The aim of the present study was to use the zero-inflated poisson regression model for analyzing dental data in 12- and 13-year-old adolescents.
Methods: In this descriptive study, the dental data of 12- and 13-year-old students in Pakdasht and Pishva provinces of Varamin, who were randomly selected from a list of urban and rural schools, were selected. Overall, 764 samples were selected and their data for dental caries was evaluated. The DMFT index was used to evaluate the teeth condition of the students. At first, the consent of the participants was received for participation in the project. Given the fact that the response variable and zero accumulation were numbered in the number of drawn, filled, and rotten teeth, the index was modeled with a poisson regression model accumulated at zero. Data analysis was performed using the R software (3.2.2).
Results: Overall, 414 Students were females. Mean and standard deviation of DMFT was 1.02 ± 1.35. In total, 54% (389 students) had dental caries. For the intervention variable (such as: preventive treatment or routine treatment, rapid treatment including scaling, immediate pain treatment, or tooth infection) (P = 0.04), dental health variable (P = 0.003), variable of pain (P = 0.049), brushing variable (P = 0.111), and dental floss (P = 0.040) had a significant relationship with the DMFT index.
Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries in 6- and 12-year-old students in the city of Varamin was greater than the World Health Organization standards. For modeling DMFT students, the poisson regression accumulated at zero was the most appropriate model. Therefore, in order to improve the existing situation, proper planning and education of families about oral health are suggested.

 

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Introduction: Quality of services is the main criterion for the success of an organization, and work ethics is recognized as one of the main factors influencing the development of organizations. The current study aimed at determining the correlation of work ethics with service quality gap in rehabilitation centers of Welfare Organization of Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: In the current descriptive-correlational study, 150 staff of rehabilitation centers of Welfare Organization of Isfahan selected by census sampling method as well as 170 clients selected by convenience sampling method were enrolled. Staff data were collected by the work ethics inventory and client’s data by the service quality gap questionnaire. The validity of the instruments was confirmed in both previous and the present studies; reliability of the instruments was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.
Results: The work ethics among the staff of the rehabilitation centers was 207 (above average). There was a gap in all aspects of service quality. The highest average gap was attributed to tangibles (-9.65), followed by reliability (-7.86), responsiveness (-6.40), empathy (-5.56), and assurance (-4.70).
Conclusions: The work ethics of rehabilitation centers staff of Welfare Organization of Isfahan is desirable, although the expectations of the clients are not met. The authorities hereby are recommended to improve the quality of services provided to clients.
 

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Introduction: Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment of end-stage renal disease and its graft survival is an important challenge. The biomarker level of creatinine can be a predictor of transplant rejection time. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of creatinine and other factors with the survival of kidney transplantation through of joint longitudinal and survival Model.
Methods: A descriptive-correlational study was performed on 165 recipients of kidney transplantation over 18 years of age during the years 2006 to 2016. The related data were collected from patients’ files in hospitals and nephrology clinics. Creatinine during the postoperative period and time interval between surgery to rejection was introduced into the model as longitudinal and survival outcomes, respectively. The model was fitted in R statistical software.
Results: There was a positive and significant correlation between creatinine level and risk of rejection (P-value < 0.05, α = 0.7). For a unit of increase in creatinine, the risk of rejection is approximately doubled. Factors associated with creatinine increase include receiving a brain dead donor member, having any blood transfusion records, kidney transplantation, and dialysis prior to transplantation (P-value < 0.05). The risk of transplant rejection for recipients of kidney transplants from brain death donors is about 2.7 times more than live donors (P-value < 0.05).
Conclusions: Reducing creatinine levels and transplanting live donors reduces the risk of rejection. It is suggested that the level of creatinine in patients with conditions such as blood transfusion or kidney transplantation and pre-transplant dialysis should be considered and checked in shorter times and drugs used to reduce creatinine.

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Introduction: The most important challenge for nursing staff is the transmission of infection. Prevention of transmission of hospital infections requires standard precautions. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between knowledge of standard precautions control infection and “Health Belief Model’s” construct with performance standard precautions control infection in nursing students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 123 nursing students were enrolled in educational hospitals using census method. Data were collected using demographic questionnaire, “Questionnaire of Knowledge of Standard Precautions of Infection Control”, “Health Belief Model Constructs Questionnaire” and, “Questionnaire of Performance of Standard Precautions of Infection Control”. Content validity and reliability were determined by Cronbach's alpha method. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 20.
Results: The mean score of students 'knowledge in the standard infection control (53.57 ± 12.39) was at the moderate level and the mean score of students' standard precautions at a good level (74.22 ± 14.99) were evaluated. The mean scores obtained from each construct of the “Health Belief Model” were as follows: perceived susceptibility (87.51 ± 9.94), perceived severity (89.71 ± 10.38), perceived benefits (94.58 ± 8.44), and perceived barriers (61.75 ± 14.81), guide for action (82.85 ± 9.99) and perceived self-efficacy (31.85 ± 12.23). According to Pearson test, there was a significant correlation between sensitivity and performance of the standard precautions (P <0.05).
Conclusions: Knowledge and constructs of the model, among the most were moderate and good, respectively. But students were at a weak level of self-efficacy. Considering the relationship between the perceived susceptibility construct and the standard precautions for controlling infection, the focus on this structure is suggested through teaching to students.
 

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Introduction: Understanding the general health status of thalassemia patients and their families can be useful in establishing a better therapeutic relationship with them and thus improve the follow-up and treatment of these patients. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the general health status of patients with beta-thalassemia major and demographic characteristics in Tehran province in 2018.
Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study that was conducted in 1397 in Tehran province. The study population consisted of all major thalassemia patients referred to Tehran Special Disease Center, and 147 were enrolled in the study. The “28-item General Health Questionnaire” consisted of 28 items with four domains of physical symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression. The content validity and test-retest were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.
Results: The prevalence of general health disorders was 51.7%. According to the subscales of the questionnaire, 4.1% of patients were suspected of having physical symptoms, 23.8% were suspected of anxiety and insomnia, 8.2% were suspected of social dysfunction, and 16.3% were suspected of depression.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, patients with thalassemia are exposed to various disorders. Therefore, providing educational programs to alleviate these disorders, provide support to those around them and their families, as well as the presence of a psychologist and psychiatrist alongside these patients.
 

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Introduction:  The role of information technology in smart schools in recent years with the prevalence of epidemics is one of the most controversial and challenging study topics. The aim of this study was to Identify factors influencing the smart schools in order to protect public health against epidemics diseases. 
Methods: The present study was conducted following the interpretive paradigm and with a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study included senior managers and implementers of projects related to information technology, experts and smart managers of Tehran schools in 2020-2021. 16 of the above individuals were purposefully selected and participated in the study.Interviews were used to collect data using open and semi-structured questions. Acceptability, transferability and confirmability were confirmed for the validity of the study. For reliability, the validity of the encodings was checked and verified. Finally, the data were analyzed by content analysis method and using coding method. 
Results: 221 open codes were extracted and after aggregating the codes, 43 sub-themes and 5 main themes were identified as effective factors on school intelligence.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that the factors affecting the intelligence of schools in order to maintain community health include learning and teaching materials, processes, users, information technology and digital literacy. It is suggested that these factors be used as a framework for smartening schools, to maintain the health of a compatible community to address the challenges in the country's education system.
 

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Introduction: Professional identity is an important process in the creation and expansion of the nursing profession, which is created over time and includes gaining insight into professional performance and creating the ideals and values of the profession. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the challenges of professional identity formation in nursing students.
Methods: The present study was conducted using a systematic review method. Articles were searched using the keywords Professional Identity, Challenges, Nursing Students, Nursing and its Persian equivalent Professional Identity, Challenges, Nursing Students and Nursing. The search for Persian and English articles was conducted in the internal databases of SID and IRANDOC and external databases of PubMed, ProQuest and Science Direct. A number of 21 studies were evaluated and analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction.
Results: The challenges related to the formation of professional identity in nursing, in 4 categories: challenges related to nursing students, challenges related to the educational system, challenges related to nurses and challenges related to the environment and Social culture can be classified.
Conclusions: Challenges related to the formation of professional identity in nursing include challenges related to nursing students, educational system, nurses, environment and social culture. It is suggested that nursing managers and trainers in the clinical areas of nursing act as a perfect model for future nursing students, nursing programs should aim to reduce the gap between theoretical and clinical education. It is also suggested that media members support the nursing profession and nurses' effort to show their professional capabilities in social media.
 

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Introduction: Having a satisfactory sexual life is related to physical health and happiness and feeling good in people. The purpose of the present study was to predict sexual assertiveness based on traumatic childhood experiences with the mediation of sexual self-esteem in married woman in Anzali city.
Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all the married women of Anzali city in 2024. According to the inclusion criteria for entering the research, 200 sample were selected by non-random and convenience sampling method. To collect data demographic questionnaire, "Hurlbert Index of Sexual Assertiveness", "Sexual Self-Esteem Inventory for Women" and "Childhood Trauma Questionnaire –Short Form" was used. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity ratio method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 24 and Amos .24.
Results: Traumatic childhood experiences (β=-0.357) predict sexual assertiveness. Traumatic childhood experiences (β=-0.704) predict sexual self-esteem. Sexual self-esteem (β=0.361) predicts sexual assertiveness. Sexual self-esteem (β=-0.254) plays a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and sexual assertiveness.
Conclusions: Sexual assertiveness is predicted based on traumatic childhood experiences with the mediation of sexual self-esteem in married women. Therefore, it is suggested to the sexual health experts to make appropriate awareness for married women about sexual self-esteem and sexual rights.