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Introduction: Necessity to cost manage of hospital as important & operating sector unit of health care system is to gain enough knowledge of economic concepts such as efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency in hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with using Data Envelopement Analysis Method Materials & Methods: This descriptive-comparative study, measured the efficiency of 12 hospitals at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, using Data Envelopement Analysis Method. Inputs’ variables consisted of number of physicians, & nursing staff (Scenario 1) plus number of beds, & bed turnover rate (Scenario 2). Outputs’ variables included function of the operating rooms (Situation 1) and the number of discharged patients (Situation 2). Data were collected by obtaining the recorded documents from Medicine deputy and Hospital’s General Information Form and were analyzed using Deep 2.1 software. Findings: The lowest mean of technical efficiency in 2013 was 0.048 & in the first semester of 2014, was 0.194. Hospitals’ number 5 and 6 in 2013 & hospitals’ number 1,2 & 3 in the first semester of 2014 had the maximum efficiency. Conclusion: In hospitals with less than 1.000, efficiency, the inefficiencies factors were related to technical & scale efficiency. Therefore, correcting these two efficiencies lead to optimal efficiency. It is recommended, that these hospitals optimize their surplus from original values to achieve the expected optimal efficiency.

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Introduction: Infertility and the therapeutic course of therapies have devastating effects on the mental and physical health of some infertile people, especially women. Supportive-psychological interventions will promote the health of infertile women. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) therapy on self-efficacy, quality of relationships and meaning of life in infertile women.
Methods: This study was a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of infertile women referred to the Mehr private infertility treatment clinic in summer of 2017 in Rasht. A total of 45 people were selected through purposive sampling method and then randomly assigned to three groups. Data were collected from the “Infertility Self-Efficacy Scale”, “Quality of Relationship Inventory” and the “Meaning in Life Questionnaire”. The validity of the instruments was reviewed and approved in previous studies. In the present study, reliability of the instruments was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. One of the experimental groups received training on the basis of “Acceptance and Commitment Therapy during the eight sessions, and the other group received training based on “Compassion Focused Therapy” for eight sessions. The control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.21.
Results: Two effective treatments are self-efficacy, improving the quality of relationships, and promoting the meaning of life in infertile women. Therefore, education based on both therapeutic methods as an effective intervention method is recommended for empowerment and promotion of infertile women's health. There was a significant difference between the mean of self-efficacy, the quality of relationships and its sub-scales, and the meaning of life and its dimensions in the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P≤0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups.
Conclusions: Two effective treatments are self-efficacy, improving the quality of relationships, and promoting the meaning of life in infertile women. Therefore, education based on both therapeutic methods as an effective intervention method is recommended for empowerment and promotion of infertile women's health.
 

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Introduction: A Balanced Scorecard model is a performance evaluation methodology that provides a broad perspective on identifying the weaknesses and strengths of an organization's activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of the hospital using a Balanced Scorecard Model and a Program Chain Pattern.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Imam Khomeini Educational Center in Sari. The data collection instrument was a "Balanced Scorecard Questionnaire” and completed by census of all managers and head nurses. The specialized panel of "Balanced Scorecard" questionnaires was categorized in the form of a Program Chain Pattern into dimensions of Input, process, outcome, control and Context. The content and face and structure validity were performed using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite stability. To analyze the data, SPSS. 21 was used.
Results: The hospital with the mean of internal processes (3.43 ± 0.42) scored the highest scores in the dimensions of the scorecard, and the financial dimension with the average (3.57 ± 0.56) and the client dimension the mean (2.97 ± 1.07) and learning with the mean (2.93 ± 0.89) had the lowest score. The highest distribution and scores in the Program Chain Pattern were in the process dimension (58.8%) and control dimension (3.62 ± 0.56), respectively. There was a significant difference between the dimensions of the Balanced Scorecard Model and the Program Chain Pattern (P value < 0.0001).
Conclusions: The most important aspect of the Balanced Scorecard is a process. Considering all the effective dimensions in performance, especially the dimensions of the Output, Input and context along with the process and control dimensions for assessing the performance of the hospitals is recommended.
 

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Introduction: Hospital performance measurement is an essential part for providing feedback on the efficacy and effectiveness of services. The purpose of this study was assessment and comparing of hospital performance using “Accreditation Pattern”, “Organizational Excellence Pattern “and Program Chain (IPOCC) Patterns.
 Methods: This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2019 in the educational and medical centers of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population included 180 top, middle, and operational managers of five educational and medical centers covered by the university. Samples were selected in a census. Data collection instruments were obtained through; demographic questionnaire, " the "Iran Hospital Accreditation Questionnaire" of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and the research instrument developed by the “Organizational Excellence Questionnaire” and the "Program Chain Pattern Questionnaire”. Face validity, content and its structure were performed using confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient method and composite reliability. Data was analyzed using SPSS. 21.
Results: In assessment the performance of the hospital with Accreditation Pattern, Organizational Excellence Pattern and Program Chain Pattern, respectively, the dimensions of para clinical services (4.12±0.5), processes (69.4±0.57) and control (3.21±0.65) were the highest scores and the dimensions of prevention and health (2.62±0.75), society results (56.36±0.62) and outcome (2.98±0.62) were the lowest scores. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the dimensions of hospital performance assessment patterns (P <0.001).
Conclusions: The highest score of the hospitals with the Patterns of accreditation, organizational excellence and program chain were in the dimensions of para clinical services, processes and control, respectively, and in the dimensions of results and Context, less attention was paid to the performance of the hospitals. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the results of service delivery and Context standards such as teamwork and organizational culture along with process, Input and control standards to balance hospital performance assessment standards.

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Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects all aspects of a person›s life. The aim of this study was to compare «Combined Therapy Package Focused on Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy» with «Cognitive Behavioral Therapy» on depression and glycosylated hemoglobin in women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The present study was performed in a quasi-experimental 3-group method with pre-test post-test and 2-month follow-up. 47 women with type 2 diabetes referred to Shahid Asghar Shabani Diabetes Clinic in Isfahan in 2017 were selected by purposive sampling. Then, by simple random assignment and using the lottery method in 3 treatment groups, «Combined Therapy Package Focused on Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy» with «Cognitive Behavioral Therapy» and control were replaced. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, “Beck Depression Inventory” and Glycosylated Hemoglobin test (HbA1C). Both groups received 10 sessions of 2 hours per week of treatment intervention. The control group did not receive any treatment intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 24.
Results: The scores of the participants in the post-test intervention groups «Combined Therapy Package Focused on Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy» « and «Cognitive Behavioral Therapy» had a significant decrease compared to the control group in depression (P<0.05). «Combined Therapy Package Focused on Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy» was significantly higher than «Cognitive Behavioral Therapy» on depression (P<0.05), but in the case of Glycosylated Hemoglobin, the results showed that the scores of participants in the intervention groups there were no significant differences in the post-test of «Combined Therapy Package Focused on Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy” and «Cognitive Behavioral Therapy” (P> 0.05).
Conclusions: «Combined Therapy Package Focused on Compassion and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy» and «Cognitive Behavioral Therapy» reduced depression in patients with diabetes. Therefore, the use of this method to reduce depression in diabetic patients is suggested.