:: Volume 6, Issue 6 (December-January 2018) ::
JHPM 2018, 6(6): 30-36 Back to browse issues page
Comparison of the Theory of Mind in Bipolar Patients and Healthy Individuals and its Relationship with Personality Dimensions
Afsaneh Sabzevari Moghaddam , Seyyed Alimohammad Mousavi , Razieh Jafari Jozani , Mohammad Azizi Fahliyani , Amin Ajalli
Tehran Jonoub Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , af_sabzevari@yahoo.com
Abstract:   (6086 Views)
Introduction: The theory of mind in healthy people is more profound than in patients with bipolar disorder. Better understanding of the mental states of others (the Theory of Mind) affects personality traits. The aim of the current study was to compare the Theory of Mind in bipolar patients and healthy individuals and its relationship with personality dimensions.
Methods: The research method was descriptive-comparative. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male and female patients with bipolar disorder admitted at Razi Psychiatric Hospital during the period of symptoms ablation. Twenty-nine patients with bipolar disorder were selected by convenience sampling and 30 normal patients were matched with the patient group in order to form the comparison group. To collect data, the "Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test"," Theory of Mind Picture Stories ", "Personality Five Factory Test" and "The Scale of Psychological Distress” questionnaires were used. The validity and reliability of the instruments were examined in previous studies. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.
Results: : People with bipolar disorder had defects in two cognitive and emotional dimensions of the theory of mind. During the period of decline, their symptoms were weaker than their healthy counterparts. The results of the correlation also showed that cognitive theory had a positive correlation with agreeableness (P = 0.56) and responsibility (P = 0.39), and a negative correlation with neuroticism (P = 0.35). However, the emotional mind approach was only positively correlated with extroversion (P = 0.052).
Conclusions: People with bipolar disorder have defects in two cognitive and emotional dimensions of the theory of mind, and in the period of decline, symptoms are also weaker than their healthy counterparts. Therefore, rehabilitation for improving this ability in this group of patients is suggested.

 
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder, Theory of Mind, Five Personality Dimensions
Full-Text [PDF 413 kb]   (3027 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: health management
Received: 2017/06/8 | Accepted: 2017/12/31 | Published: 2017/12/31
References
1. Barlow D. Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders. New York: Guilford Press; 2008.
2. Joiner J. Depression in Its Interpersonal Context. In: Gotlib I, Hammen C, editors. Handbook of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 2006.
3. Mehta UM, Thirthalli J, Naveen Kumar C, Mahadevaiah M, Rao K, Subbakrishna DK, et al. Validation of Social Cognition Rating Tools in Indian Setting (SOCRATIS): A new test-battery to assess social cognition. Asian J Psychiatr. 2011;4(3):203-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajp.2011.05.014] [PMID]
4. Riccardi I, Pacifico RP, Stratta PS, Rossi A. Theory of Mind and Empathy: The Two Sides of the Same Coin? Schizophr Res. 2010;117(2-3):442. [DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.818]
5. Terrien S, Stefaniak N, Blondel M, Mouras H, Morvan Y, Besche-Richard C. Theory of mind and hypomanic traits in general population. Psychiatry Res. 2014;215(3):694-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.042] [PMID]
6. Peron J, Vicente S, Leray E, Drapier S, Drapier D, Cohen R, et al. Are dopaminergic pathways involved in theory of mind? A study in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia. 2009;47(2):406-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.008] [PMID]
7. Baez S, Herrera E, Villarin L, Theil D, Gonzalez-Gadea ML, Gomez P, et al. Contextual social cognition impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57664. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0057664] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Soltani Azemat E, Dolatshahi B, Nori Khajavi M. Deficits of 'Cognitive'and 'Affective'Theory of Mind in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Type I. Pract Clin Psychol. 2015;3(3):151-6.
9. Hawken ER, Harkness KL, Lazowski LK, Summers D, Khoja N, Gregory JG, et al. The manic phase of Bipolar disorder significantly impairs theory of mind decoding. Psychiatry Res. 2016;239:275-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.043] [PMID]
10. DeYoung CG, Hirsh JB, Shane MS, Papademetris X, Rajeevan N, Gray JR. Testing predictions from personality neuroscience. Brain structure and the big five. Psychol Sci. 2010;21(6):820-8. [DOI:10.1177/0956797610370159] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Morgan B, de Bruin K. The Relationship between the Big Five Personality Traits and Burnout in South African University Students. South Afr J Psychol. 2010;40(2):182-91. [DOI:10.1177/008124631004000208]
12. Swider BW, Zimmerman RD. Born to burnout: A meta-analytic path model of personality, job burnout, and work outcomes. J Vocat Behav. 2010;76(3):487-506. [DOI:10.1016/j.jvb.2010.01.003]
13. Giluk TL. Mindfulness, Big Five personality, and affect: A meta-analysis. Pers Individ Differ. 2009;47(8):805-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.026]
14. Russell TA, Schmidt U, Doherty L, Young V, Tchanturia K. Aspects of social cognition in anorexia nervosa: affective and cognitive theory of mind. Psychiatry Res. 2009;168(3):181-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.028] [PMID]
15. Zabihzadeh A, Nejati V, Maleki G, Darvishi M, Radfar F. [The Study of Relationship between mind reading ability and big five factors of personality]. Adv Cogn Sci. 2012;14(1):19-30.
16. Inoue Y, Tonooka Y, Yamada K, Kanba S. Deficiency of theory of mind in patients with remitted mood disorder. J Affect Disord. 2004;82(3):403-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2004.04.004]
17. Ekhtiyari H, Safaee H, Javid G, Ganjgahi H, Naderi P, Mokri A. [Aspects of social recognition in opioid-dependent patients]. Soc Welfare Q. 2010;11(41):390-420.
18. Corcoran R, Cahill C, Frith CD. The appreciation of visual jokes in people with schizophrenia: a study of 'mentalizing' ability. Schizophr Res. 1997;24(3):319-27. [DOI:10.1016/S0920-9964(96)00117-X]
19. Darvishi N, Aliloo M, Bakhshipour A, Farnam A, Bahramkhani A. [Theory of mind in obsessive- compulsive disorder patients versus normal individuals]. Adv Cogn Sci. 2013;57(15):36-54.
20. McCrae RR, Costa PT, Jr. Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987;52(1):81-90. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81] [PMID]
21. Garousi M, Mehryar A, Ghazi Tabatabaee M. [Application of the NEO test and analytic evaluation of its characteristics and factorial structure among Iranian university students]. J Human. 2001;39(11):173-98.
22. Kessler RC, Barker PR, Colpe LJ, Epstein JF, Gfroerer JC, Hiripi E, et al. Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(2):184-9. [DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184] [PMID]
23. Furukawa TA, Kessler RC, Slade T, Andrews G. The performance of the K6 and K10 screening scales for psychological distress in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. Psychol Med. 2003;33(2):357-62. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291702006700] [PMID]
24. Samame C, Martino DJ, Strejilevich SA. Longitudinal course of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder: a meta-analytic study. J Affect Disord. 2014;164:130-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.028] [PMID]
25. Fakhari A, Minashiri A, Khazaee S, Movahedi Y, Fallahi A, Taherpanah M. [Study of deficiency in Theory of Mind and Emotion Regulation in Bipolar Disorder and Depressed Patients compared with normal subjects]. J Urmia Univ Med Sci. 2014;25(6):511-20.

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 6, Issue 6 (December-January 2018) Back to browse issues page