Journal of Health Promotion Management
فصلنامه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
JHPM
Medical Sciences
http://jhpm.ir
1
admin
2251-8614
2251-9947
10.22034/jhpm
2251-8614
fa
jalali
1393
1
1
gregorian
2014
4
1
3
2
online
1
fulltext
fa
خشونت محل کار علیه پرستاران در ایران: مرور نظام مند
Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: A systematic review
مدیریت پرستاری
nursing management & administration
پژوهشي
Research
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">مقدمه:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"> خشونت محل کار</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">در نظام بهداشت و درمان طی سال های اخیر به عنوان یک مسئله
مهم مطرح شده است و پرستاران بالاترین میزان مواجهه با خشونت در محل کار را دارند.
هر چند پژوهش های متعددی در این زمینه در کشور صورت گرفته، اما در</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">خصوص وضعیت موجود خشونت علیه پرستاران توافق نظر وجود ندارد. هدف از مطالعه
حاضر تعیین وضعیت خشونت محل کار علیه پرستاران در ایران می باشد. <o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">مواد و روش ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"> در این مطالعه مروری نظام مند، کلیه مقالات چاپ شده در طول دهه گذشته
(2013-2004) به دو زبان فارسی و انگلیسی در زمینه خشونت محل کار علیه پرستاران که
در داخل کشور انجام شده بودند، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. این مطالعات از طریق
پایگاه اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>(SID)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"><span dir="rtl"></span>، بانک اطلاعات
مقالات علوم پزشکی ایران </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>(IranMedex)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"><span dir="rtl"></span>،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">پژوهشگاه اطلاعات و مدارک علمی ایران </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>(IranDoc)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"><span dir="rtl"></span>، بانک اطلاعات
نشریات کشور </span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>(Magiran)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"><span dir="rtl"></span>، </span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr">PubMed, Ovid, Science Direct
,Google Scholar</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>CINAHL</font></font></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">و با استفاده از
کلید واژه های خشونت محل کار،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">پرستار،</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr">(workplace violence, nurse,
<font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Iran)</font></font></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">به دست آمد.</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"> علاوه بر بانک</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">های اطلاعاتی از آمار
و اطلاعات کشوری نیز استفاده </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">گردید. به منظور جمع
آوری داده ها، از "فرم استخراج داده ها" </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr">Data Extraction</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"> <span class="hps"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">Form<b>"</b></font></font></span></span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"><span dir="rtl"></span>" که بر اساس
هدف پژوهش طراحی شده بود، استفاده گردید.</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">نتیجه این جستجو دستیابی به 31 مقاله و طرح پژوهشی کشوری
مرتبط با موضوع بود که از این میان 10 مقاله به علت دارا نبودن معیارهای ورود از
مطالعه حذف و نهایتاً 21<font size="3"><font face="B Mitra"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>مطالعه</font></font></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">وارد پژوهش شدند. <o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">یافته ها:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"> از میان 21 مطالعه مورد بررسی، 19 مطالعه (5/90 درصد) کمی و 2</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span> </span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">مقاله (5/9 درصد) کیفی بودند و هیچ مطالعه مداخله ای وجود نداشت. 8 مطالعه (38
درصد) در شهر تهران، 10 مطالعه (5/47 درصد)، 3 مطالعه (14 درصد) بر روی دانشجویان
پرستاری و مابقی بر روی پرستاران صورت گرفته بود. پرستاران در معرض انواع خشونت
محل کار بخصوص خشونت کلامی قرار دارند. نتایج حاصل از استخراج یافته های مقالات،
نشان دهنده ی 5 مفهوم اصلی شامل "ویژگی های خشونت"، "ویژگی های
پرستاران و واکنش آنان به خشونت"، "عوامل مستعد کننده خشونت"،
"عوامل پیشگیری کننده خشونت" و "میزان گزارش دهی و دلایل عدم گزارش
دهی"<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="B Mitra" size="3"> </font></span></span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></span></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">می باشد</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family:" dir="ltr"><span dir="ltr"></span>.<o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt unicode-bidi: embed direction: rtl" dir="rtl"><b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:">نتیجه گیری:</span></b><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family:"> بر اساس نتایج حاصله، شیوع خشونت محل کار علیه پرستاران یک مشکل جدی محسوب می
گردد. انجام اقدامات پیشگیرانه بمنظور مقابله با خشونت محل کار علیه پرستاران یک
نیاز ضروری می باشد. با توجه به فقدان مطالعات مداخله ای، پژوهش های آینده بایستی
از مطالعات توصیفی به سمت مطالعات مداخله ای حرکت کنند تا راهنمایی برای استفاده
در بالین فراهم نمایند. <o:p /></span></p>
</font>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt"><b><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Introduction</span></b><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">:
Workplace violence (WPV)</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">in the health care setting
has become an important issue in recent years. Researches show that nurses
encounter with the highest rate of violence in the workplace. Although numerous
studies have been conducted in this area in Iran, however, there is no
consensus that reflects the current status and future research needs. The aim
of this study was to determine the status of workplace violence against Iranian
nurses.<o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt"><b><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> In a
systematic review, all papers published during last decade (2004-2013) in both
Persian and English language regarding WPV against Iranian nurses were
included. Magiran, SID, IranMedex, IranDoc, PubMed, Science Direct, Ovid,</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>
</span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Google
Scholar, </span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-bidi-language: FA">CINAHL</span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> databases were searched using the terms: Workplace Violence, Nurse,
Iran. </span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-language: EN">In addition to databases, national data were
used. Also,</span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">"</span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-language: EN">Data Extraction Form"
which developed based on research aim, was used for data collection. </span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">From
31 related papers and research projects, 10 articles were excluded due to lack
of inclusion criteria. Finally, 21 papers and research projects were included
in this study.<o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt text-align: justify"><b><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Findings:</span></b><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> 19
of 21 articles (90.5</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>%</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="ltr"></span>) were from descriptive studies, only two of them (9.5</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>%</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="ltr"></span>) were qualitative study and there was no intervention study.
Eight of researches (38</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>%</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="ltr"></span>) were conducted in Tehran, 10 of them (47.5</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>%</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="ltr"></span>) using the “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector
Questionnaire” developed by World Health Organization, 3 studies (14</span><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "B Mitra" font-size: 12pt mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span>%</span><span dir="ltr"></span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><span dir="ltr"></span>) were conducted on nursing students and others were carried out
on nurses. Nurses are exposed to significant rate of various types of workplace
violence especially verbal violence.</span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> Also, </span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-language: EN">five main concepts were derived from
the literature review including: </span><span lang="X-NONE" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-language: X-NONE">Characteristics of Workplace
Violence</span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,</span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-language: EN"> </span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ansi-language: EN">Characteristics of</span></span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-ansi-language: EN"> <font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span class="hps">nurses and</span> <span class="hps">their
reaction</span> <span class="hps">to violence,</span></font></font></span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> predisposing factors, preventive
factors and </span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">reporting rate and reasons for under-reporting.</span><span style="line-height: 115% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><o:p /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt text-align: justify line-height: 125% text-indent: 11.35pt"><span dir="rtl"></span><span lang="FA" style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-bidi-language: FA" dir="rtl"><span dir="rtl"></span> </span><b><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">
Based on the results, prevalence of workplace violence against nurses is a
serious problem. Preventive actions in order to control workplace violence is </span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman" mso-ansi-language: EN">an essential requirement. Also, due to the lack of
intervention studies,</span><span style="line-height: 125% font-family: "Times New Roman","serif" font-size: 12pt mso-bidi-font-family: "B Mitra" mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> future research must move from descriptive to
intervention studies in order to provide a guideline in clinical settings.<o:p /></span></p>
</font>
خشونت محل کار، پرستار، پرستاری، مرور نظام مند، ایران
Workplace violence, Nurse, Nursing, Systematic review, Iran.
72
85
http://jhpm.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-25-28&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
F
Najafi
فرشته
نجفی
10031947532846002482
10031947532846002482
No
Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
گروه پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران
M
Fallahi-Khoshknab
مسعود
فلاحی خشکناب
msflir@yahoo.com
10031947532846002483
10031947532846002483
Yes
Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
گروه پرستاری، گروه پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران
A
Dalvandi
اصغر
دالوندی
10031947532846002484
10031947532846002484
No
Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
گروه پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران
F
Ahmadi
فضل اله
احمدی
10031947532846002485
10031947532846002485
No
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
گروه پرستاری،دانشکده پزشکی،دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،تهران،ایران
M
Rahgozar
مهدی
رهگذر
10031947532846002486
10031947532846002486
No
, Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
گروه آمار زیستی، دانشگاه علوم بهزیستی و توانبخشی، تهران، ایران